tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45655755294557801682024-03-14T09:27:40.132-04:00When thinking brings pleasure. When thinking brings pleasure? Does thinking bring pleasure? This Blog is for people who care about education.Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.comBlogger155125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-14978941845904812192022-02-26T08:02:00.004-05:002022-03-03T03:23:29.491-05:00<p> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl-Ai6LTqpnzFNBZPG05pYQMrRTIb7LOeNAvOTnw17t9U41M2v0HsR3VMVNbtlkt6iY0ZwClEoPNd6-EuIgCBnrgJOdD2EiP4FVM9oSmE3KNUu1dBhsyQKIBVFdvGGSbDfl4fiGlCigKM/s1600/5.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="170" data-original-width="1297" height="82" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl-Ai6LTqpnzFNBZPG05pYQMrRTIb7LOeNAvOTnw17t9U41M2v0HsR3VMVNbtlkt6iY0ZwClEoPNd6-EuIgCBnrgJOdD2EiP4FVM9oSmE3KNUu1dBhsyQKIBVFdvGGSbDfl4fiGlCigKM/s640/5.PNG" width="640" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 33pt;">Welcome! And don't judge
the blog by its "cover", please.</span></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 33pt;"> </span></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 33pt;">Appearances can be
deceiving.</span></b></span></p><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">What I Do: Dr. Voroshilov: from A to Z</a><b>; </b></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: x-small;">(Professional
past, present, and future of a driven professional, an eloquent expert,
a productive author, and a collaborative colleague)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Iam.html">Who I Am: Dr. Voroshilov: A Peek Inside!</a></span></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">Artificial
Intelligence</span></a></span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">Fundamentals of Quantum Physics</span></a> </span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/what-is-difference-between-expert-and.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">Full List Of Post On Education</span></a> </span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/philosophy-o.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">Philosophy
Of Education</span></a> </span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">Strategies For Teaching Science</span></a> </span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="color: #27a229; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/blog-page_15.html"><span style="color: #27a229;">From
The Top Of My Head: a collection of random ideas</span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Two
short video presentations:</span></b>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/Bs2U0HE4Fpg">1. Open Classroom Initiative: invest in thefirst world-wide open library of lessons</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/OTAOHKJ9uDs">2. Invest in EdTech and disrupt K12 education</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Specific projects for addressing different areas of education and science of education.</span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry125253.pdf">1. Entry125253: High Frequency Data Streams in Education </a><br />(<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/proposal.html">link to the full text</a>)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry124656.pdf">2. Entry124656: objective measures of physics knowledge </a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">link to the full text</a>)<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry125317.pdf">3. Entry125317: National database teacher PD </a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/profdev.html">link to the full text</a>)<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry124655.pdf">4. Entry124655: role of NSF in funding education</a><br />(<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/NSF.html">link to the full text</a>) </span>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry125719.pdf">5. Entry125719: The new type of a science course for science teachers. </a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html">link to the full text</a>) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/Entry126205.pdf">6. Entry126205: The development of the uniform standard for measuring content knowledge in physics</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(<a href="http://www.gomars.xyz/aapt1.pdf">link to the full presentation</a>) </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: ES;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Executive Summary of Professional Experience</span></b></span><br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: ES;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">
</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16pt;">(An excerpt from <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html"><span style="color: blue;">the full description of my path</span></a>)</span>
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(I) Teaching</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(A) Groups</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">5th-graders; 6-th graders; 7-th graders; 8-th graders;
9-th graders; 10-th graders; 11-th graders; 12-th graders; 2-year college
students; 4-year college students; university students; school teachers; school
administrators; district administrators.<br />
<b>(B) Subjects</b></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Physics for Engineers (two semesters); Elementary
Physics (two semesters); algebra, geometry; trigonometry; formal logic; problem
solving; group theory (discreet and continuous); methods for teaching science
courses; methods for advancing individual teaching practice; managing
innovations in education (initiation, implementation, growth, support,
assessment, audit).</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(II) Managing/Consulting</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Assistant
to Director of an Institute; Director of
Department of computerization and information technologies; Director of
Center
for Development of City School system; member or a team, leader of a
group of consultants for schools and school districts (initiation,
implementation, growth,
support, assessment, audit of innovations in education).</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(III) Learning</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">graduated from schools with high GPA; participated in
a wide range of extracurricular activities; developed personal approach to
teaching (flipped the classroom before the approach was described in
publications); published papers on various aspects of advancing education;
converted publications into PhD theses and then found an adviser; moved to a
country without knowing the language; learned the language; learned how to
teach using foreign language; started publishing in foreign language.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><b>P.S.</b>
A large portion of my ideas come to me while I am in traffic or in a
swimming pool. During the day there is not often much of a time to
formalize them
in a fashionable way. Most of my post are written in one seating as a
raw flaw of thoughts. This blog is the best I can do. Well, so far -
let's wait for retirement (and the memoir! ). However, I welcome anyone
who would like to
coauthor a piece and transform it from my "singing as you go" to a
fashionable publishable form - polish statements, new points,
references, ... . And also, if someone would find in any of
my posts a useful idea and used it, I would appreciate a reference to
the original.</span><br />
(C) <a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/">Education Advancement Professionals</a> consulting services<br />
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhogYTZw_HaeK9cXp8T4mfTGBbuRZR9ST4n7IKdOVwWxlRmfPIWjbV3O_-3XC3qs45K5MIqSff0kK2nsK_mhwRWpjnf-_Rg0QCeALF2fF_zcab119uBunO3eLA7XcF6w3C8fiF2kSLNyeA/s640/20190320_175841.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 18pt;">We, Humans, are the <i>only</i>
anti-entropic force in the whole Universe! Everyone has to do his/her
part in fighting chaos! That's why the Universe crated us.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><b>P.S.S.</b></span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">From </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #152db7; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/AIdef.html"><span style="color: blue;">On the Definition of AI</span></a></span>: </span><br />
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="510" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoUtTjsb92AU1s4bKPNjRW0vOOzuJIn7D6xvrjsZDKzK4EI0Xndo_uC2aGQMcWv-8TX51vkcfhBKkUBPL8kEaqgPsFNaZLWKo_V6YFZJS-ynFzYwMMRvxnt3n3-6yNEm9QZOv0KSkRtE/s640/ts.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">"This is <b>w</b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><b>hat teachers can do!</b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">From the NASA's "Brief History of Rockets"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/TRC/Rockets/history_of_rockets.html">https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/TRC/Rockets/history_of_rockets.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“In 1898, a Russian schoolteacher, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a> (1857-1935),
proposed the idea of space exploration by rocket. In a report he
published in 1903, Tsiolkovsky suggested the use of liquid propellants
for rockets in order to achieve greater range. Tsiolkovsky stated that
the speed and range of a rocket were limited only by the exhaust
velocity of escaping gases. For his ideas, careful research, and great
vision, Tsiolkovsky has been called the father of modern astronautics.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">What is the <i>difference</i> between an </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">expert</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> and a </span></b><b><span style="color: purple; font-size: 18pt;">professional</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">?</span></b></div>
<div align="right" style="margin: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">A </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">professional</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="color: blue;"><u>does</u> what is needed to be done.</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">An </span></b><b><span style="color: purple; font-size: 18pt;">expert</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> <u>explains</u> - why. </span></b></div>
<div align="right" style="margin: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">How do people become <i>professionals</i>?</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">By </span></b><b><i><span style="color: purple; font-size: 18pt;">accumulating</span></i></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> professional experience.</span></b></div>
<div align="right" style="margin: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">How do people become </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">experts</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">?</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">By </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">reflecting</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> on accumulated professional experience.
</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #c00000; font-size: 18pt;">A Master is an expert professional. </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">My Mentors taught me a secret of becoming
a master teacher:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #1528e9; font-size: 18pt;">There are ONLY</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b><b><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">two</span></u></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;"> rules </span></b><b><span style="color: #1528e9; font-size: 18pt;">for</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 18pt;">becoming</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 18pt;">a Master</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 18pt;">1. Learn from the <u style="text-underline: single;">Masters</u>;</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #1528e9; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #1528e9; font-size: 18pt;">2. </span></b><b><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;">Never</span></u></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-size: 18pt;"> stop pushing yourself.</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">"In order to be able to think you have to risk being
offensive"</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> (From Jordan B. Peterson), because ability to take risk is
correlated with curiosity (only curious people are capable of taking risk;
people who play it safe have no curiosity and hence a vision). </span></div>
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;">Disclaimer </span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">I
am an "investigative blogger". I insert myself into a situation I study
and then I expose all BS I found there (BTW: BS means "beyond
sense-making). I </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">
am not an idiot or a reckless person. I am a person who has strong
opinions on matters (I believe U.S. needs more people like that, people
who can lay out strong reasons for their statements and take a "blow" of
a disagreement). The reason I can allow myself
writing what I think, even if that is perpendicular to commonly adopted
and conventional views, is that my financial situation is sufficient
and
stable. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">Of
course, as a normal person, I wouldn't mind making more money, or being
involved in more interesting projects (as described in my generic
resume). But I do not have to pretend to be someone I'm not to make my
living. I am aware of the fact that <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/08/fail.html">my chance to find many professionals with views similar to mine is slim</a>. The demand for <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#">"professional correctness"</a> is taken to such an extreme that it has become a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">demand</span> for <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/03/conformity.html">personal conformity</a>.
I believe in telling truth. Truth is facts. Facts are science. I
believe in science. Facts
can be upsetting or encouraging, but facts cannot be offensive.
As a master in my field, I have no reservation to offer my critique of
people whose actions overlap with the field of my expertise (human
intelligence). I know (and fine with that) that the chance that my
writing will
have a significant effect is negligible. But the butterfly effect exists, so the chance is not exactly zero.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Welcome! </span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Thank you for visiting!</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">And don't judge the blog by its "cover", please. </span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Appearances can be deceiving.</span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">If</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1170" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQdNbYkC5vTFjnqGomAh-IL7jYhFe595gkyclmHpT83-BpNxM7jAdDQJQKmmXTmN0al2fCmEgePcXU-XMRs7zfjZX4bEdkH0vclNr5I5DzNCZhh0DMzLtyP3abTB-ZhxKUMX1iY73g-OM/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-03-06+at+11.35.32.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">then you should not read this blog.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">Although, if you can't handle the truth, you cannot solve any problem, because <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html">the first step of a problem-solving process</a> is accepting the fact that you have a problem. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;"><u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The Litmus Test (a psychological experiment).</span></b></u></span></span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; margin-right: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I am searching for </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/Management.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">managers</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the field of (distant) education</b>, who:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Know </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>difference
between remote teaching and online learning</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Distinguish </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/04/polite.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">being
polite from being nice</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Are not afraid to </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/talk.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">team up
with people who may disagree with her/him</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Seek in </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">others
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/08/fail.html">professionals skills and knowledge</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Value </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/vision.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">long-term
goals over short-term gains</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 27pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">and </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 5.15pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 5.15pt 0.2in 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">who are </span><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/DARPA.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">capable
of making bold decisions</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I believe in <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/teachremote.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">the future of distant education</span></a></span>,
(especially for <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">teacher professional development</span></a></span>),
and can help with making it better (my <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">career choice</span></a></span>). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I have all <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/teachinghunts.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">the relevant experience</span></a></span>
(and <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html#top2"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">more</span></a></span>), including, but <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html#top1"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">not limited</span></a></span> to, <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">teaching</span></a></span> – in its most <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/method.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">general sense</span></a></span>: selecting the relevant content,
developing a syllabus, envisioning learning trajectories, <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/05/EdTech.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">designing teaching strategy</span></a></span>, creating <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/LernAids.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">teaching tools</span></a></span> (to facilitate and <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">guide learning</span></a></span>, to assess <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: blue;">learning outcomes</span>),</span></a> and teaching (literally –
acting as a </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">teacher</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">).</span>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -0.5in 0.2in 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In addition to </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html#top3"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">my professional experience</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">, I have various publications on the matters of </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">teaching
science</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> and </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/philosophy-o.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">philosophy of education</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> (and </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/p/the-full-list-of-posts.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">more</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -0.5in 0.2in 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">My most valuable “badge of honor” is a decade of </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html#top"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">a
proven (!) professional success</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><= this is the link I would advise to
start from</b>, of course, if you are </span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/Curios.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">curious enough</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -0.5in 0.2in 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I
am curious how many managers have (a) curiosity, and (b) confidence, to
reach out to a complete stranger who may provide views/opinions/ideas
outside of orthodox/mainstream assumptions.<br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -0.5in 0.2in 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Dr. <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Valentin</span></a></span> <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Voroshilov </span></a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> <a href="http://iergo.xyz/">http://iergo.xyz/</a> <a href="http://iergo.us">http://iergo.us</a><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in -0.5in 0.2in 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">
</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglLoLuYcO0LWOBKGNWPylGZdursXRBsXSE1rdExmxpAJRmkEkm1EdNikuo_yitUuD6eb7t7knSs_C2WMycf5WKaZsLqO7v6a7jn838XHsDzWhiLomcGMXV1QJ1tBEC7w96UFEu4bvHml4/s1600/SteveJobs.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1552" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglLoLuYcO0LWOBKGNWPylGZdursXRBsXSE1rdExmxpAJRmkEkm1EdNikuo_yitUuD6eb7t7knSs_C2WMycf5WKaZsLqO7v6a7jn838XHsDzWhiLomcGMXV1QJ1tBEC7w96UFEu4bvHml4/s400/SteveJobs.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html"><span style="font-family: "opensans" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">"I
hated physics before taking this course, and now after taking both 105
and 106 with Mr. V, I actually really enjoy it. He is one of the best
teachers I've ever had. Thank you"</span></a></span></div>
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<p> </p>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-20834324044042047282021-03-19T09:14:00.005-04:002021-09-03T14:50:40.921-04:00Physics Demonstration Videos.
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 4.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Physics Demonstration Videos</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 4.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">These
videos have been developed for different </span></b><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">elementary physics courses</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (</span></b><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/09/phy2019.html"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">including this one</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">) and have been very
instrumental when those courses had to be taught in </span></b><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a fully remote format</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">More videos, that may be not as
useful as from the list, are available </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/buphysics/"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">here</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, and </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/buphysics/"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">here</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The department web site </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://physics.bu.edu/demos/"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://physics.bu.edu/demos/</span></b></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> also has some video demonstrations; the indicator of
a video is letter V in the description of a demo (see an example below).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeoY0AnzER-hcPSKIfNSJ8GTxdm3_UbJJgDBDJ5ARCIVT_aQd-0zVSX7nT5p8eYaHlY3busNpkQHS5VnwHZ-1CVl-0cTaYFKzYmixNzvyegO4Y7WzCmv2ERba3XzGl-7pMod9RzY4cZhYPTBB3IupUTrH6Gv7HwNG8RsgzTFI1RM7PZMWaz_rJFvvW=s926" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="926" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeoY0AnzER-hcPSKIfNSJ8GTxdm3_UbJJgDBDJ5ARCIVT_aQd-0zVSX7nT5p8eYaHlY3busNpkQHS5VnwHZ-1CVl-0cTaYFKzYmixNzvyegO4Y7WzCmv2ERba3XzGl-7pMod9RzY4cZhYPTBB3IupUTrH6Gv7HwNG8RsgzTFI1RM7PZMWaz_rJFvvW=w640-h106" width="640" /></a><br />
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For publications on strategies for
teaching STEM courses follow to </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html"><b><span style="color: #0744e4; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">this website</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">General
topics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_ySbdpWzPs" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A demonstration show with Prof. Andrew Duffy
(~1,5 hours)</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/gIGldgrrtQ8"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two
nice programs for video data collection and analysis</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/I9VfFZv2n6U" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Converting 1L</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/A-k2EZFiNAE" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unit (dimensional) analysis</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/oBxnwvccZUc"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">What is a vector? The basics.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/t_pzSENy3yw"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Elementary operations with a vector.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/jtpG-aTJQUk"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">How to add vectors.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/KvP_nnUUTPw" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vector addition</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (another version)</span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/7JhwXv5cxFA"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adding
vectors: an example</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mechanics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kinematics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/L1qBICnPC-0"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motion
is relative!</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/bmIq5gRNuis"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An example
of 1-D case of relative motion</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/KLm6xnEIxIw"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">How to read a position graph.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/WP97qoY77Ak"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">How to relate the direction of velocity
and of acceleration.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/tsV4VorlH_E"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Using LoggerPro to study 1-dimentional
motion.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/vE0VttX0WuA"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
basics of the motion with constant acceleration (MCA)</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G44ri8xQuQ" target="_blank" title="which cart wins the race?"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">which
cart wins the race?</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvFnygOUbf0" target="_blank" title="A race: T"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A race: Two carts on
two tracks</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Afs_6IOg2Tw" target="_blank" title="X-Y independence"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">X-Y independence</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (old)</span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/dkaH3kq1gno"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">X-Y
independence – new version</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiHIG3C3NSg" target="_blank" title="ballistic"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A Ballistic cart</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (old)</span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/5kuhyK5juiI"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
Ballistic cart – new version</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flKNAvJPmUI" target="_blank" title="monkey and a hunter"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A Monkey and a hunter</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP1mm-VZhoM" target="_blank" title="A monkey and a hunter demo"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
monkey and a hunter demo</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
(another version)</span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arJZL3Pq8xQ" target="_blank" title="2D Velocity"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2D Velocity</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (crossing a river using the fastest path)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/dT8YQvbDp3w"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An example
of 2-D relative motion (crossing a river)</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dynamics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/fsLG_1eY7e8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction
into friction</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">27.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/auBVI44rF-c"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is
"apparent weight"?</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">28.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJHVL2sS6P0" target="_blank" title="Newton's cradle"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Newton's cradle</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">29.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV2RTsH-sz8" target="_blank" title="Third Newton's Law"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Third Newton's Law</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">30.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/Nrvlml_AnBA"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The essence
of the Newton's third law</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">31.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/AtJ5mrBB_Gg"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction
into LCLM (law of conservation of linear momentum)</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">32.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gcs-x5wu5TQ" target="_blank" title="momentumcart"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Momentumcart</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (“an air rocket”)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxPtB_xoUJ4" target="_blank" title="cartmomentum"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cartmomentum</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (the law of conservation of linear momentum)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">34.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/UDoK2sMJgxk"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A "happy ball - sad ball"
experiment.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> (home edition)</span></span><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">35.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLedFmpT91k" target="_blank" title="Happy and Sad balls"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Happy and Sad balls</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">36.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3B2eWH2EBw" target="_blank" title="Center of mass of a system"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Center
of mass of a system</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">37.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/YJVKZFoIFvU"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction
into LCME (law of conservation of mechanical energy)</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">38.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgIDZjdAjwE" target="_blank" title="Ballistic pendulum"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ballistic pendulum</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">39.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/0G--O5k1epE"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Ballistic pendulum (home edition).</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">40.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/WchWH1ILShU"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Examples of elastic collisions.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">41.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/NZUKmIF3UU8"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Examples of collisions between two
carts.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><br /></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rotation, Circular motion, Rolling</span></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">42.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/W6e7aFbgH7g"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Velocity of
a ball on a string in UCM (uniform circular motion)</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">43.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/lAeE6ya3KxE"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why in UCM
(uniform circular motion) there is always acceleration?</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fs8XXVp0" target="_blank" title="Rotational dynamics"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rotational dynamics</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (centripetal forces as a function of a
radius)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">45.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZKseJi2tOo" target="_blank" title="Rotational kinematics"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rotational kinematics</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">46.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AY5XXS8fvls" target="_blank" title="Conic Pendulum"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conic Pendulum</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">47.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNDRSCGStnc" target="_blank" title="Loop the loop"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Loop the loop</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">48.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDz9w50O-AA" target="_blank" title="Carnival ride model"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Carnival ride model</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">49.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/18h6WPmbSJo"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction
into torque: examples, definition</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">50.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/c2ej-Ci-kuM"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finding the
direction of torque.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">51.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/O17DjvwLa0g"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Solving a
problem on torque: an example #1.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">52.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/sBNSVt3UzoM"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mass v. mass
distribution for rotational inertia.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">53.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fuQBdSCdy4" target="_blank" title="torque2"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Torque (Newton’s 2<sup>nd</sup>
law for rotation): experiment 1</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">54.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtEvqe5GNyg" target="_blank" title="torque1"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Torque (Newton’s 2<sup>nd</sup>
law for rotation)</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: experiment 2</span></u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">55.</span></span><a href="ttps://youtu.be/9c5AcR08ydU"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
equilibrium condition for a solid object.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">56.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/aA-DkozZH8I"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
problem-solving strategy for problems on torque.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">57.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/nt_LcwKr9ek"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">An example of the law of conservation of
angular momentum: a shot in a disk.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">58.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/RC0xy54IlZE"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">An example of the law of conservation of
angular momentum: a drop on a disk.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">59.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WByaLs5FyVg" target="_blank" title="rolling a big spool and different shapes"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rolling a big spool on a table and different shapes down a ramp</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pressure,
Fluids</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">60.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYt07UtoiVs" target="_blank" title="crash a can"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Crash a can</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">61.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmQNMC7inEM" target="_blank" title="a balloon in a jar"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A balloon in a jar</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">62.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOAe3eBZZJM" target="_blank" title="09 19 2018 air cannon test"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">09
19 2018 air cannon test</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">63.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4QmvZxakkM" target="_blank" title="11/12/2015 12:50 air cannon test"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11/12/2015 12:50 air cannon test</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">64.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcRktQ2FNbU" target="_blank" title="the air cannon demonstration"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
air cannon demonstration</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">65.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/sua3JzQjHco"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Talking
about the atmospheric pressure</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">66.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKdT8nM4K9s" target="_blank" title="Having fun with a floating balloon buoyancy vs gravity"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Having fun with a floating balloon buoyancy vs
gravity</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">67.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Xk0MEgTlKc" target="_blank" title="flying ball"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A Flying ball</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">68.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/ymKgyD-ISqg"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fluid
dynamics</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">69.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsZc6fY0urE" target="_blank" title="Four viscosity experiments"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Four
viscosity experiments</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (a drop in a
glycerin; Stokes’ law; water v. glycerin; bubbles in fluids)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">70.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzgkkpkLx9c" target="_blank" title="viscosity"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Viscosity</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Stokes’ law)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">71.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1q3StmcEQo" target="_blank" title="air bubbles in liquids with different viscosity"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Air bubbles in liquids with different viscosity</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Oscillations
and waves</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">72.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkW_WXosfFQ" target="_blank" title="Hanging slinky"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanging slinky</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (a longitudinal pulse)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">73.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AKgDMkVP3s" target="_blank" title="Horizontal Simple Harmonic Motion"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Horizontal Simple Harmonic Motion</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Gas
laws and thermodynamics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">74.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5OcTgwoutE" target="_blank" title="molecular motion"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Molecular motion</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">75.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BNsLGvBX1I" target="_blank" title="PY105 L26: some experiments"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ideal
Gas Law experiments</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">76.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/IULOfsOaQjk"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An
experiment on the Gay-Lussac’s Law</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">77.</span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/aGPiBenaQY8"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An
experiment on the Gay-Lussac’s Law (another version)</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">78.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/O0ZE1YTD6BA"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
definition and two nice demonstrations for an adiabatic process.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">79.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q772XLcWVU0" target="_blank" title="demoTH1"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two adiabatic
experiments</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">80.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whr5oBkno_w" target="_blank" title="cool cooling!"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cool cooling!</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (two cans)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">81.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/v37Qmk0RxvA"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How to find
the work done by gas in one cycle: an example</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">82.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/LWGuQibKCQQ"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Calculating
the efficiency of a non-Carnot engine.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">83.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/cekdJJJz9P8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two working
heat engines: a small demo.</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">84.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1hPhyinszo&t=123s" target="_blank" title="L27 experiments"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Heat engine
experiments</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">85.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYf8c0sm1Zw" target="_blank" title="Making things cool"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Making things cool</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (experiments with LN2)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Electricity and Magnetism</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">86.</span></span></span><a href="ttps://youtu.be/oe3AC-eRIVA"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction
into electric force: simple demonstrations.</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">87.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAGd3Skm3Rk" target="_blank" title="PY106_1b.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E1</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">88.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yfw_xTinNPc" target="_blank" title="PY106_1h.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E2</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">89.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTgZO7Zc3D4" target="_blank" title="PY106_1g.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E3</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">90.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU5y68Ee1OE" target="_blank" title="PY106_1c.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E4</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">91.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1aqZbLA-U" target="_blank" title="PY106_1f.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E5</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">92.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yshIyCNzXPA" target="_blank" title="PY106_1e.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E6</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">93.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaLYwflvY2U" target="_blank" title="PY106_1d.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E7</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">94.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MreWT9GKe4" target="_blank" title="PY106_1a.mov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using an electroscope
E8</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">95.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/pZPDHjkOrck"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
Coulomb’s Law</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">96.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/5j-kM-BKMWk"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Electric
filed and electric potential demonstration</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">97.</span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/X8TkbRCeOWQ"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
discussion about electric field and electric potential</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">98.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEUMtu6bQVM" target="_blank" title="a dipole in electric field"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
dipole in electric field from a Wimshurst machine</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">99.</span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eurAyQMseB4" target="_blank" title="A new way of doing peanuts and VDG generator experiment Physics from Dr Voroshilov"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A new way of doing peanuts and VDG generator
experiment </span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">100.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoKetOs1k8Y" target="_blank" title="A simple demo an electric dipole in a capacitor"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A simple demo an electric dipole in a
capacitor</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">101.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siiVVxFIQ1M" target="_blank" title="parallel-plate capacitor"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parallel-plate
capacitor</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (charging and
changing the distance)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">102.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guqS3xDxxok" target="_blank" title="Inserting a dielectric in a capacitor"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inserting a dielectric in a capacitor</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">103.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJb_9T9rZ6c" target="_blank" title="Discharging a big capacitor"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Discharging
a big capacitor</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">104.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QBAq6C0OJU" target="_blank" title="Peanuts and Van Der Graaf experiment"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peanuts and Van Der Graaf experiment</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">105.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZA2cx2S4v4" target="_blank" title="Van De Graaff Generator"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Van De Graaff
Generator makes a spark that lightens up a lamp</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">106.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txHWDwTIMhM" target="_blank" title="Aliens exist!"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aliens exist!</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (electrostatics)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">107.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/LpK1pl51eK8"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
discussion on the Ohm’s Law</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">108.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7A85uaMtyM" target="_blank" title="an open bulb in LN2"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An open bulb in LN2</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">109.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4LZamwX63Q" target="_blank" title="LC circuit"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AC LR circuit</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (variable inductance and a bulb)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">110.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/4SJ2Wsb9WXU"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
is happening in an RL-circuit</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">111.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/PnIDHk9D7I0"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
is happening in an RC-circuit</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">112.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciTeyWmNhFE" target="_blank" title="curiePOINT"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Curie POINT</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">113.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOHFyeRQVZ0" target="_blank" title="Curie point"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Curie point</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">114.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GMjaT9ckv8" target="_blank" title="3D magnetic field"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3D magnetic field</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">115.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aemwWqRR3zE" target="_blank" title="iron filings in magnetic field"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iron filings in magnetic field</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">116.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLIM9tdwz6c" target="_blank" title="The Earth is a magnet"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Earth is a magnet</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">117.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCGeMX8Mc0s" target="_blank" title="e over m beam"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e over m beam</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">118.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdodeqiP8Hk" target="_blank" title="electrons in a circular trajectory"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Electrons in a circular trajectory</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">119.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwZFWhgj64o" target="_blank" title="oersted effect"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oersted effect</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">120.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyEsT8EIN5o" target="_blank" title="three simple demonstrations on magnetism"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Three simple demonstrations on magnetism</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (a jumping wire; a ring in a magnetic field,
a DC motor).</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">121.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/h0ykVzoDZJo"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
the right-hand rule.</span></a><u><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">122.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RxlQ6wNJlA" target="_blank" title="force on a wire in magnetic field"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Force on a wire in magnetic field</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">123.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OknxVnjXogI" target="_blank" title="a spinning loop"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A spinning loop</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (a DC motor)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">124.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ok3ES-WUs-M" target="_blank" title="3 Faraday coils"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3 Faraday coils</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">125.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYDath9otYQ" target="_blank" title="An experiment on mutual inductance"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An experiment on mutual inductance</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">126.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obgMsFSGrBE" target="_blank" title="motional EMF"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motional EMF</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">127.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogiYWZXo4VE" target="_blank" title="Faraday's law makes Samsung pay works"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faraday's law makes Samsung pay works</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">128.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7_HTnbhNCw" target="_blank" title="a bulb and a generator"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A bulb and a generator</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">129.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3YNWfTOKm8" target="_blank" title="genecon generators and a bulb"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genecon
generators and a bulb</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">130.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaY-mu9GvaM" target="_blank" title="a card reader"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A card reader</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">131.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYWRzv-fOCs" target="_blank" title="a card reader and an oscilloscope"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A card reader and an oscilloscope</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (reading a card)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt 49.5pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">132.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVvHnIRoyRY" target="_blank" title="a card reader and an oscilloscope"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A card reader and an oscilloscope</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (using a magnet)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">133.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fYC489tmWU" target="_blank" title="induction coil"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A jumping ring and a
induction coil</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (a transformer)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">134.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wd-XCeGd6Wc" target="_blank" title="Eddy currents"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Eddy currents in a
pendulum</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">135.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqHewHi1AzU" target="_blank" title="Example on Lenz's law"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Example on Lenz's law</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">136.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2867azOmcSU" target="_blank" title="Magnetic Eddy current brake"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Magnetic
Eddy current brake</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">137.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FF4AxXOhAYQ" target="_blank" title="dropping a magnet"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dropping a magnet in a
pipe</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">138.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOnFMScOCok" target="_blank" title="Electro magnetic wave is polarized"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Electro magnetic wave is polarized</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (an EMW generator and a receiver)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">139.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://youtu.be/UyybsBOu4WM" target="_blank" title="L6: Faraday's cage, shielding"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faraday's
cage, shielding</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">140.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xO6T1JCdJOQ" target="_blank" title="Evanescent wave demo"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Evanescent wave demo</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (and total internal reflection for EMW)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">141.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUqaHhVZ3v4" target="_blank" title="Pile driver (can crusher) as polarizer"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pile driver (can crusher) as polarizer</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (mechanical model of polarization)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Modern
Physics</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">142.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asUyalpNZSE" target="_blank" title="electron diffraction"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Electron diffraction</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 27.0pt 45.0pt; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">143.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUSoMw866R8" target="_blank" title="Surviving an explosion of"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Surviving
an explosion of</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> … (“the chain
reaction”)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .25in 27.0pt;"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
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{margin-bottom:0in;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-87656683470142439942021-03-19T08:42:00.005-04:002021-03-19T09:18:18.086-04:00Basic Principles of Grading<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Basic Principles of Grading</span></b>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9HT3b-mC7WNuYy2rLMa0t1qafBth6UNcAZEVwQbRObWI7gX9VjLj29Y1KHbCBM_momnRliUiFw_N7MRFGLcc8Z0XO2kTtzupqCA-mXnKEjUKBs40uK7NMZi8XtvQteBA4BeDNWyjeZSQ/s1636/graiding.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1004" data-original-width="1636" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9HT3b-mC7WNuYy2rLMa0t1qafBth6UNcAZEVwQbRObWI7gX9VjLj29Y1KHbCBM_momnRliUiFw_N7MRFGLcc8Z0XO2kTtzupqCA-mXnKEjUKBs40uK7NMZi8XtvQteBA4BeDNWyjeZSQ/w640-h392/graiding.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Grading is not art. Grading
is not science. Like everything else in education, including education, including
a “science” of education”, grading is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic">heuristic activity</a>.</span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">My general grading strategy:</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">1. I always make
sure that every student would address every required part of every
question. If the manual says, “do this”, including “discuss” or “think about”,
etc. they will have to act on that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">2. But I grade
the quality of their actions based on the quality of the questions
(clarity, specificity, relevance to the material presented before).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">3. If a
question allows many possible interpretations, and does not require a
specific definite and unique answer, I accept almost any writing, as long as it
is related to the question.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">4. When students
are required to “be creative” or “to think”, and that thinking is not bound by definite
requirements, then just the fact of being creative or presenting some
thinking is sufficient for the full credit.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">5. And there
might be also a case when students are required to answer a question
without being taught how to actually do that, e.g. uncertainties -
not much different from asking them to translate a paragraph into Russian -
some may know Russian, some may use an online translator, but those who would
try to do it on their own using a dictionary would finish with result that
technically would deserve an F, but that would not be their fault. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">6. Answering a
question without being taught is also a case of being creative, because if
students are not taught the right strategy, they have to create it (there is a
teaching strategy for that, too, but I have not met yet any other instructor
who knows it and can do it, plus, its implementation would require much more
teaching time than any school can support). Since a physics course has no such
objective as “teaching creativity” (this objective would require special
assessment and grading), and instructors do not focus on development of such
ability, then grading also is based just on a fact of the presence or the
absence of something - anything - a student created. But, again, if a student
left an empty space, that student does not get any credit for that part.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">Various
“creative” student activities that usually end up with making a presentation
may affect student’s ability to be creative (or affect communication skills,
research skills, presenter skills, etc.), but graded mostly on the fact of
being present/presented; no one uses creativity, or thinking, or communication
as an actual grading parameter. If someone would claim using creativity as an
actual grading parameter that one would have to present the specific strategy for
developing creativity, the criteria of the level of its development, the
specific measuring actions, a grading scale and a grading procedure. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">This is why my
lab manuals do not have vague, unclear, “creative” questions (if I wanted to
make students be creative, I would assign writing an essay). <a href="http://iergo.us/LabExample.pdf">Click here</a> for an example of a very
poorly written lab manual from Pivot Interactives (almost all their manuals are
equally bad), and compare with <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/physicsvideos.html">some of my manuals
(and more)</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A quote from the latter
publication: “For example, you can take a look at my <a href="http://iergo.xyz/2dnSemesterUnit1.pdf">first lab for the second semester</a>,
and <a href="http://iergo.xyz/2dnSemesterLab1.pdf">this online lab</a> I came
across some time ago (also the first lab for the second semester; in the lab
file I also placed some notes to pinpoint some issues I found in the lab). On
the other hand, some of my labs have found its way to the wider audience. For
example, since 2012 I was using <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/www.gomars.xyz/PY106S2012_unit3.pdf">this
lab </a>in my Summer II course. And recently I found that my manual was used -
verbatim! - as <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/www.gomars.xyz/PivotLabCapacitors.pdf">an
online lab</a> for <a href="https://www.pivotinteractives.com/">Pivot
Interactives</a>. It's nice to know that other instructors appreciate my
material. But it would also be nice to be noted - as the author.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br clear="all" />
<b><span style="color: #222222;">On the grading within a team.</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">1. The difference in grading
is inevitable.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">2. Of course, members of the
same team should be trying to minimize those differences</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">3. “Is the difference too
large and needs correction?” The answer to this question must be provided
by the person who bears that responsibility and is paid for making such
decisions - an administrator/supervisor.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">4. based on the
decision the supervisor needs to notify the employees what they
should do (or not to do).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Hence:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The supervisor needs to make
that decision and tell the team (all or some members) what to do (or not).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Logically, there are only
four options a supervisor can say:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">1. “do this”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">2. “don't do anything”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">3. “you chose what you want
to do”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">or</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>say nothing at all.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">I act only if I was told “do
this”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If my students start asking
me why grades have changed (or not, based on their expectation), I am
always open, saying that the situation was discussed and the
supervisor made a decision to act (or not) in such a
specific way, and I was following the decision.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">In a way, for some students
this could be a teachable moment even more important than physics laws.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">I tell my students that an
ideal measurement does not exist, every measurement has errors (and in
a physics they learn that at first hand), and grading is a measurement, hence
grading errors (including systematic) and mistakes happen, and they should
send me an email with any grade-related question, and always some do.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Links to additional
publications on practice of teaching science:</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/qj9jurULYek">Voices of my students</a> on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">my teaching</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/lIOW-Ij2On8">The minimum of what students should know
when taking my physics course</a> (plus a bonus - an example of the strategy
for applying the Second Newton’s Law).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href=" https://youtu.be/6qx89FpMCm8 " target="_blank">What students taking my course need to know about the course</a> (and me, and themselves) (this is the copy of the first lecture, the introduction
start 2 minutes 42 seconds after the start of the recording, and ends 1 hour
and 33 minutes after; <a href="http://iergo.us/Introduction.pdf" target="_blank">click here for the lecture slides</a>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2021/03/PhysicsDemoVideos.html">My physics demonstration videos</a> (never meant to become an actual teaching tool, but the pandemic
forced to rethink that).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #954f72; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2016/12/handbook.html">Fundamental Laws
of <i>T</i>each<i>O</i>logy: a Handbook For a Science Teacher.</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/think.html">Modeling Instructions,
Design Thinking, and Productive Thinking for a Science Teacher</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">Graphical approach to
classifying physics knowledge</a></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html">The General Algorithm
for Creating a Solution to a Physics problem</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #152db7; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/thinkphy.html">What Does "Thinking
as a Physicist" mean?</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #152db7; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/03/ZPD.html">The Essence of
the Meaning of ZPD</a></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/LernAids.html">Teaching tools for
fostering understanding of physics learners</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/knowmath.html">“What Math Skills do
Students Taking Physics Need to Have?” (and how to measure them)</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #152db7; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2018/02/Socrates.html">What is the
"Socratic Method"?</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #152db7; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2018/02/flipp.html">How I flipped my class
without even knowing</a> (works for everyone!)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #152db7; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/12/TeachSmith.html">From
being a Teach-er to becoming a Teach-smith</a></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/06/taskvproblem.html">A Problem v. A Task;
the Distinction Matters!</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/02/TeachQ.html">Evaluating Teaching
Quality At a University Level</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/science.html"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Factual thinking v. integrative thinking, or how we
need to teach science</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/06/think.html">The Deliberate Thinking v.
Digging a Trench</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/12/zoomsucks.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Why Zoom Sucks For Teaching And Always Will?</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The list of various publications
on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/philosophy-o.html">philosophy</a> and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html">strategies</a> for teaching
science courses.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Best of luck with teaching!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://iergo.us/">Dr.
Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-6532285038588035362020-12-09T10:01:00.012-05:002021-05-20T18:08:55.595-04:00Why Zoom sucks for teaching and always will.<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzgRdl2b_ehhehxHgJhma-x95izwnwDTbX9uxx_b650NRiYO4f4YrrD_gx9P9K0cDld69r-dbwtfxYO-bHdL-GPXvvxHOqRJn-cvW4UgV7LqKUtrTcW_KUT1UqxdxNxmW-R6waqfE8EtI/s2048/Screen+Shot+2020-12-09+at+10.02.13.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1107" data-original-width="2048" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzgRdl2b_ehhehxHgJhma-x95izwnwDTbX9uxx_b650NRiYO4f4YrrD_gx9P9K0cDld69r-dbwtfxYO-bHdL-GPXvvxHOqRJn-cvW4UgV7LqKUtrTcW_KUT1UqxdxNxmW-R6waqfE8EtI/w640-h346/Screen+Shot+2020-12-09+at+10.02.13.png" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />My two cents in the discussion about virtual education (an excerpt from <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/DARPA.html" target="_blank">The Confession Of The Creative Brain</a>).<br /></span></span></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">I wrote a lot about education, including the distant education. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">For example, check <br /><br /><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/teachremote.html" target="_blank">The future of education is impossible without a robust online component.</a><br /><br /><a href="I want you to know what I did last summer!" target="_blank">I want you to know what I did last summer!</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/teachinghunts.html" target="_blank">Getting ready for the fall semester? Here are some hints.</a><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html" target="_blank">The difference between online learning and online teaching.</a> <br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">More on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html" target="_blank">this page</a>.<br /><br />Here I want to point out at the useless but very active discussion how to effectively use Zoom for teaching. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The answer is - <b>you CANNOT </b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">effectively use Zoom for teaching. </span></span></span></span></span></span></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />Zoom, Skype, WebEx, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, or any other meeting software will never be good for teaching.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Of course, to understand and accept that, one needs to know what teaching is and is about.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">In
American culture, including the top educators, researchers and
administrators teaching is not different from animal training, from
training circus animals doing tricks.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">BTW: one of the reasons </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">for <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/math.html" target="_blank">No sign for improving math education soon.</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If
teaching would have been pouring knowledge from a "knowledge storage"
(a.k.a. a teacher) into an empty vessel (a.k.a a student) then Zoom
would be sufficient. But teaching is not that. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">E.g.:</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/method.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">What is Teaching?</span></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A handbook for a science teacher.</span></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Teaching
is the process of helping learners to learn. And learning is based on
communication. If one-on-one communication would have been possible,
then, again, Zoom would be fine. But that is not a case. Teaching
requires an effective group communication. That requires a an ability to
organize, manage and monitor communication between students. That
requires a completely different technological instrument. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">There
are many video conferencing tools, but none of them is good for
teaching. Zoom is just not as bad as all other are. But even in Zoom
some simple adjustments - specifically for better teaching - could be
done, and yet they didn't. The guiding principle is simple - observe how
a good teacher interacts with students and try to incorporate that
interaction into your platform. Well, the key term is "good". For
starters, a good teacher does not act like a general commanding solders
telling them what to do (much more on this matter in many other posts,
i.e. <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html">this one</a>).
Another example - when students work in groups, a good teacher monitors
at the same time the whole class, and each individual group and can
quickly switch between groups, as well as from an in-</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">group</span></span></span>
discussion to a full-class discussion, and back. Zoom does not allow
anything like that. But could, if it would modify accordingly the format
of break out rooms.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A
teacher needs to be able to do much more than just to see students, but the work
of every (any!) student (and of course communicate with any student).
And a teacher needs to be able to create and re-create collaborative
groups and observe the group work and participate in that work. And this
is just the bare minimum any teaching collaborative technology must do.
Ideally, students should feel immersed in the same learning
environment, and that means - use virtual reality. The need to do
laboratory experiments brings even more demands to an effective distant teaching-and-leaning technology (far more advanced than primitive interactive videos, e.g. <a href="https://www.pivotinteractives.com/">https://www.pivotinteractives.com/</a>). </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">To my best knowledge, there is no company or a startup trying to develop such technology. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Hence, distant teaching sucks, and will continue to suck for years ahead.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html" target="_blank">Dr. Valentin</a> <a href="http://iergo.xyz/" target="_blank">Voroshilov </a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdte7sx6_LQUvaZIX7tCuYrdpKMh8mjwvpXaw6wrK1qLm6zzMu-vGLSPHbxTS4xB0Ewc_UqakiIVi2EoFKr9xYDKt09qreM9isHX2E7IzlYaOrrWCC74b4HCVUgHOmngV6jZf_K5uT-y8/s1670/goed.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1126" data-original-width="1670" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdte7sx6_LQUvaZIX7tCuYrdpKMh8mjwvpXaw6wrK1qLm6zzMu-vGLSPHbxTS4xB0Ewc_UqakiIVi2EoFKr9xYDKt09qreM9isHX2E7IzlYaOrrWCC74b4HCVUgHOmngV6jZf_K5uT-y8/w640-h432/goed.png" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> <br /></span></span></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">For curious people - a reward!</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">No teaching technology can do any good if a teacher who uses it sucks.</span></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Unfortunately, the vast majority of teachers in America sucks at teaching. It is not their fault, though. America dose not have a system of <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html" target="_blank">teacher professional development</a> (well, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/02/Progress.html" target="_blank">America does not believe in systems in general</a>, and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/03/Facts.html" target="_blank">look what she got herself into</a>).</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">E.g. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/dejavu.html" target="_blank">this post</a>, or <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/ccs.html" target="_blank">this one</a> (<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/what-is-difference-between-expert-and.html" target="_blank">from many!</a>). </span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The roots of American decline - in all spheres, including education, <b>starting from education!</b> - is the extreme primitivism <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html" target="_blank">practiced by the managers of all levels</a>.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/11/doom.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">America! The victim of the Primitivism.</span></span></span></a></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTLq918bpiuHyXuHSx_aks592BEssBiCJh9T9a7O_yEiPi2_4ewJNtwqhwmvoALZc8K5yVpzSvdC6Jk3aXmMC94GxFh_KFEEcPoVlc9PgJgi4Qxlb0LIZqTTLKZOUmSIdLybBjcugEt0g/s640/primitive.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTLq918bpiuHyXuHSx_aks592BEssBiCJh9T9a7O_yEiPi2_4ewJNtwqhwmvoALZc8K5yVpzSvdC6Jk3aXmMC94GxFh_KFEEcPoVlc9PgJgi4Qxlb0LIZqTTLKZOUmSIdLybBjcugEt0g/w640-h480/primitive.png" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /> </span></span></span><br /><p></p><p></p>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-46507756745297510222020-11-20T11:35:00.004-05:002020-11-20T21:33:29.239-05:00Why Do People Have To Work? (part II)<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZvwlIv311M1lCm2r85wivQs8XOPEmlpOGf3Pq-9BtmKpPmJdLh9lJ9vkKXehlimGEZVY01IySyPWEn6yFc22Wxb2xdAVIf2wT8xi9emj7GkQi7wlcAF-Si4OTFDvZ7v_1OWyePrfkhkQ/s640/animation+pics+033.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="640" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZvwlIv311M1lCm2r85wivQs8XOPEmlpOGf3Pq-9BtmKpPmJdLh9lJ9vkKXehlimGEZVY01IySyPWEn6yFc22Wxb2xdAVIf2wT8xi9emj7GkQi7wlcAF-Si4OTFDvZ7v_1OWyePrfkhkQ/w640-h576/animation+pics+033.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br />Cont. from </b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/WhyWork.html">https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/WhyWork.html</a>
</span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I ended the first part of my explanation with these statements:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“In order to make a living one has to be able to satisfy
someone else’s needs for – well, something, anything: cooking, delivering food,
writing a code, etc.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If one
cannot do anything – one does not deserve to live.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If no one
needs anything from you - you are <u>worthless</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">If someone can be useful to one but a
very rich person, or to poor but many persons, that someone climbs up the
social ladder.</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otherwise, ...”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is time to finish the last statement.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you are useful to one but a very rich person, or to poor
but many persons, then you will climb the social ladder. Otherwise, you will die
in poverty. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is just the current state of affairs.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is the current social and economic rule.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is one exception from this rule – a person who was
born rich, who got sufficient inheritance and was smart enough not to waist it.
But that’s that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For everyone else, the rule says: “If you are useful to one
but a very rich person, or to poor but many persons, then you will climb the
social ladder. Otherwise, you will die in poverty.”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to
have a good living you need to be needed by people whose combined wealth is
large enough to pay you good money.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now we can ask two questions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">1.
Is this fair?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">and</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">2.
Can we live by a different rule?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
answer to the first question depends on a personal history of cultural growth
and developed life philosophy. But if we all would follow an idea that all
people are created equal, we would have to state that the rule is not fair. As I
described in part I, we are who we are and what we are and where we are mostly
due to a vast set of random factors. Because of that not all people are created
equal. Socially and economically disadvantaged people cannot be blamed for being
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disadvantaged, it’s not their fault. And
hence there is no ideological or philosophical reason to punish those people by
keeping them in poverty. The only reason for keeping huge part of a human
population in poverty is, well, was, not enough resources to provide everyone
with good living. But with the current technological advances that time is in
the past. Nowadays, the humanity has resources to feed and give home to
everyone – if only those resource would have been used.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">There
are political forces that do not want share available resource to all people
because as long as they control those resources they control those people. But
that is a different conversation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">If
one believes that the current economic and social state of affairs I not fair,
one needs to answer “Yes” to the second question.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">“Yes
We Can!” live by a different rule. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">But
– what rule would that be?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">This
is my version of the new rule, it has three parts:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">1.
All people have the same right for having a decent life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">2.
The purpose of a government, the mission of a government is to establish
political conditions that would lead to establishing fair economic conditions
that would lead to establishing decent standards of living for all citizens.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">3.
The number one criterion of the quality of governmental work is how many
citizens live in decent conditions that provide healthy and emotionally
positive (a.k.a. happy) life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Well,
technically, “healthy” includes “mentally healthy”, i.e. “happy”, but I think
that “happiness” still should be explicitly stated as the part of the measure
of the work of a government.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">If
we accept this new rule, then we <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to</b>
make a conclusion, that, in general, in order to have a healthy and happy life <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">people should not be required to work</b>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
rule does NOT have such a requirement as a requirement to work.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">That
means, that under the new rule, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">people
do NOT have to work!</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Why
do people have to work NOW? => Because otherwise they will die from
starvation, or will have a very bad, unhealthy/unhappy life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">But
if the government takes care of good living conditions for everyone, then
people do NOT have to work anymore.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Pure
logic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">BTW:
this logic is not new in anyway (I don’t want to pretend I am the first who
said it).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">And,
of course, it has been heavily criticized.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
#1 counter argument is – if people <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">do not
have</i> to work, then they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">will not work</i>,
and then since no one will work, the whole economy will collapse, and the society
will fall into chaos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Every
argument is based on some assumptions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
#1 counter argument is based on the assumption that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">all humans are intrinsically lazy</b>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Ask
some big-fish CEO or an entrepreneur why dose he/she work? “I don’t work because
I want money, I work because I love creating new things, products, practices,
connections, …” – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you name it. And
he/she always thinks “because I am so so special! But everyone else is lazy
ignorant people who are lucky to have a job.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of
course, as we know now, there is nothing special about any of those big-fish
rich and famous – he/she is just lucky, and everyone else is just not so lucky (re-read
part I).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">I
do not believe that humans are intrinsically lazy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">I
have been teaching for decades and have taught thousands of people of different
age, gender, profession, culture. And I know that people are not lazy, there is
no natural tendency for laziness, and if someone does not want to act, it is
not because someone is lazy, but because he or she has no motive to act. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Most
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">people</b> (parents, teachers, bosses,
politicians, administrators, friends, psychologists) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">confuse <u>laziness</u> with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>the
lack of motivation</u></i>.</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Intrinsically,
by nature, most people are prompted to act – just look at infants, look at toddlers.
However, if born and grew up in a wrong culture (bad luck) some people do not
have developed internal motives to grow – as a person, as a professional. That
is not their fault. And there are many examples that when placed in a right
culture, people start thriving (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Makarenko">Anton Makarenko</a>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Hence,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the most important parameter that affects
who people act (hence work) is the culture they grew up in.</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The lack of
motivation is the sign of the wrong culture one grew up in.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">It’s
not about people, per se, it is about culture they grow up in.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">With
the right culture, all people would definitely have internal motivation to grow
– as a person and as a professional.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">With the right
culture, all people would work even if they did not have to.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
answer to question “why do people have to work?” is “because many of them grew
up in a wrong culture”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Change
the culture – and even if all people will have a good decent life without need
for work, they will work – to realize/fulfill their natural intrinsic potential
– because that feels really good (if you know what I mean – I do).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Now
we have to answer two more questions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">1.
What is the right culture?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">and
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">2.
How should the right culture be developed?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
answer to the first question begs a new publication.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">The
answer to the second question though is “trivial” – the right culture should be
developed via right public education.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">That,
of course, moves us to questions like “what is wrong with the current public
education?”, “why the dismal state of public education has been there for
decades without any significant improvement despite billions of dollars spent
on a so-called education reform?”, and other addressed <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/">in multiple posts on the matters</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Homework:
why humans are intrinsically naturally active, not lazy?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">|
|</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">V</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Because
otherwise humans would die out long time ago, there would be no humanity, because
there is no survival without being active, survival and especially procreation demands activity. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/" target="_blank">Dr. Valentin</a> <a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/" target="_blank">Voroshilov</a><br /></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-67096209626364763602020-09-27T12:42:00.009-04:002020-09-27T14:13:13.508-04:00Jeff Bezos v. Education<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuN8Qh3uPFqo3yurcgyd2HhilYk_uLoUehs3j_kcbkzNsf97tFuX1XHJ1fKwYSLueiYeC8n82-An8p1cDG6aqjP_R78UNbg0ng1qMtpKZDDnPmcdNTaUEf0Kaz0SECtxWFAKN44FJ1zY/s2392/Screen+Shot+2020-09-27+at+12.41.29.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1188" data-original-width="2392" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuN8Qh3uPFqo3yurcgyd2HhilYk_uLoUehs3j_kcbkzNsf97tFuX1XHJ1fKwYSLueiYeC8n82-An8p1cDG6aqjP_R78UNbg0ng1qMtpKZDDnPmcdNTaUEf0Kaz0SECtxWFAKN44FJ1zY/w640-h318/Screen+Shot+2020-09-27+at+12.41.29.png" width="640" /></a></div>On June 15 2017 Jeff Bezos twitted his
request for ideas:</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">(<a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/what-should-i-do-with-my-billions-jeff-bezos-asks-twitter-users-1.3122103">https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/what-should-i-do-with-my-billions-jeff-bezos-asks-twitter-users-1.3122103</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">or</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-22/amazon-s-bezos-disrupts-another-frontier-with-just-one-tweet">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-22/amazon-s-bezos-disrupts-another-frontier-with-just-one-tweet</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">or</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://twitter.com/JeffBezos/status/875418348598603776">https://twitter.com/JeffBezos/status/875418348598603776</a>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdfmFIqHOje0miz8r225Ju8FwJyjQVTPgcBXvy0FzLLQ9bEb-hEObkvX-8DkZU3gDigzkA57Hv-6tjFVstiMpmgDWfJTzkLtaTFFADU7lAYWqgzbt3pT0YFV3b3Ad2OlIx-Ii3HJykdqc/s1577/bezos1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1577" data-original-width="1516" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdfmFIqHOje0miz8r225Ju8FwJyjQVTPgcBXvy0FzLLQ9bEb-hEObkvX-8DkZU3gDigzkA57Hv-6tjFVstiMpmgDWfJTzkLtaTFFADU7lAYWqgzbt3pT0YFV3b3Ad2OlIx-Ii3HJykdqc/w616-h640/bezos1.png" width="616" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">I quickly sent my response: <a href="http://gomars.xyz/jb.html">http://gomars.xyz/jb.html</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">I offered several project - <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">all in education</b> (the projects offered
there later were migrated to my main blog: <a href="http://www.Cognisity.How">www.Cognisity.How</a>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">One project was designated specifically to
opening a school – a special kind of school: <u style="text-underline: #0000E9;"><span style="color: #0000e9;"><a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/chs.htm">http://www.teachology.xyz/chs.htm</a>.</span></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Fearing that Mr. Bezos does not have time
to read, some time later, on may 12. 2018, I made a short video: <a href="https://youtu.be/_uMIk7MN4ME">https://youtu.be/_uMIk7MN4ME</a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of course, I never had any feedback from
Mr. Bezos, or his associates.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">But on September 23, 2020, the press
reported that Mr. Bezos finally turned his head toward education - he opened a
pre-school: <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/23/business/jeff-bezos-tuition-free-preschool-bezos-academy/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/23/business/jeff-bezos-tuition-free-preschool-bezos-academy/index.html</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Xcj4gjhGnWdSXjSNF3U-njydcW5BIhl0LLeWDDEvocqlumNRsEcO2CZVWO6PgYEZ8kTQIrggaSkENSvFdq_zkPRDVYO3EBAQ_rolNfIRMV2RuPGoaBuw_f0T_HwxlwQUQkE-iKbtXfY/s856/bezos2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="856" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Xcj4gjhGnWdSXjSNF3U-njydcW5BIhl0LLeWDDEvocqlumNRsEcO2CZVWO6PgYEZ8kTQIrggaSkENSvFdq_zkPRDVYO3EBAQ_rolNfIRMV2RuPGoaBuw_f0T_HwxlwQUQkE-iKbtXfY/w640-h518/bezos2.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">That is yet way far away from what he
could have done, but it is the step in the right direction – a small step for a
man, but a reeeeeally small step for the richest guy on the planet.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><style>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">BTW, Mr. Bezos, all my projects remain
heavily actual/current/present/contemporary – in case you are interested in
making real difference in education.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">Other oligarchs are also <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/11/4projects.html">welcome</a>: <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/11/4projects.html"><img border="0" data-original-height="1126" data-original-width="1670" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivXpW4ohsu4280fE0TzWw_ZL6W7zsYEwHL2mdMxISOEpnGugz7Q9SO5L35-EwXUq2rqYjijPnnE7A-Or9_NKCElZSZpxqVPuVX5EtTMNa48imVwr_WNDokG4usmv4Xa3Jq1h9q7NcruSc/w640-h432/goed.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Dr. Valentin</a> <a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Voroshilov</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;">P.S. another post about Bezos – not related
to education: <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/05/JBezos.html">http://www.cognisity.how/2018/05/JBezos.html</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18pt;"> P.P.S. My hope is that Jeff Bezos may be expecting one more child, and he wants to follow his/her steps through the years of schooling. If that is a case, at the minimum he would collect - eventually - some useful data on learning and teaching.<br /></span></p><p><style>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-13351072622867852372020-09-05T09:33:00.000-04:002020-09-05T11:29:57.122-04:00Two examples of linguistic analysis.<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Two examples of professional
linguistic analysis.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-w1NJN6wVYy6hDmqMGhxYLz5HXkIYRgGFElOIJo949tdUUxQnA0zZHYS_JlWsyb-h0G7ymj7CGDOQR1ovM7Y30mZX7007Uor3i-o9zq6wXkReGKq-0PqwA4InV7oX8l10PnfyEZAOsQE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-09-05+at+09.30.30.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="785" data-original-width="1600" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-w1NJN6wVYy6hDmqMGhxYLz5HXkIYRgGFElOIJo949tdUUxQnA0zZHYS_JlWsyb-h0G7ymj7CGDOQR1ovM7Y30mZX7007Uor3i-o9zq6wXkReGKq-0PqwA4InV7oX8l10PnfyEZAOsQE/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-09-05+at+09.30.30.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This post has two
parts:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Part I: The meaning of “master”, “professional”, and “expert”.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/09/socialcaos.html#Part2">Part II: What is “chaos” in a social setting (and why it happens on the first day of a class)</a>.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">_______</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Part I: The
meaning of “master”, “professional”, and “expert”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">People often use
the same words, but imply different meanings. “You told me that …”. “Yes, but,
this is what I meant!”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">People believe that
the sentence they say has only one meaning – the one they imply in it – but in
reality, very often that sentence may have other interpretations.
Misunderstanding happens when another person who listen to the sentence perceive
its another interpretation. However, that person often does not realize that his/her
interpretation is only an interpretation, and believes that his/her
interpretation represents the only possible meaning of the sentence, hence
believes that what he/she perceives is equal to what the author of the sentence
means. In the end, two people (an author and a receiver/listener) assign different
meanings to the same sentence, and when they argue, the argue about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">different things</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When a word or a sentence
has a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>different meaning or interpretation,
then we have a case of ambiguity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Ambiguity is a
common reason for misunderstanding.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Clarity is the
opposite of the ambiguity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Clarity becomes
with separation of different meanings that used to be used for the same word/term
assigning those meanings to different words/terms. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This procedure has
a name – a definition. We define the meaning of a word by assigning to that
word one specific meaning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, that is
not always possible, but definitions are the fundamental basis for a scientific
language.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Science cannot
have any ambiguity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">As an example of this
approach let us assign specific meaning to three different terms: a master, a
professional and an expert.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">If you do a simple
internet search, this is what you find.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBb3Clhyphenhyphen4IjdvApqgbXj0YJ3p8efpjC-F8fUh6n-jeClI24ypG5H4I4ZKlXaNXkoAZOwIRwec3NHbrc3nGwd2UYWm6dVx-KLvQKcmo6AJQjVjcW44IxTr-3IsLzeba3sQxf0kuk1eRG3Y/s1600/111.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="974" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBb3Clhyphenhyphen4IjdvApqgbXj0YJ3p8efpjC-F8fUh6n-jeClI24ypG5H4I4ZKlXaNXkoAZOwIRwec3NHbrc3nGwd2UYWm6dVx-KLvQKcmo6AJQjVjcW44IxTr-3IsLzeba3sQxf0kuk1eRG3Y/s640/111.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ZoP-isn_MTFciVmuUVu-8KONtSYWC_DEON7xY2XQ4Jj8W4Q7zQsQAtOvmMfg0zSXKdL_GnaPAVK71lnEE_PmG6COQrGd7rsVKF7beCTxhLq-4uCo7dxBOJ0vz5FK8EFQA1L6E_tVhUI/s1600/222.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="974" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ZoP-isn_MTFciVmuUVu-8KONtSYWC_DEON7xY2XQ4Jj8W4Q7zQsQAtOvmMfg0zSXKdL_GnaPAVK71lnEE_PmG6COQrGd7rsVKF7beCTxhLq-4uCo7dxBOJ0vz5FK8EFQA1L6E_tVhUI/s640/222.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC5A8_uQ3vrKgaJrzXJYEM-IlrWUcV5IK6g57d0Y2gVpV4a-TCz_hdlNjyL-fxn0TBvsKJYCYJWc_q_KPm-o1w_4D9oi8BkOhgjhuDbHlwu59e73k6RAYoOZHmwBRV-CNfLjbArZ7WT80/s1600/333.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="974" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC5A8_uQ3vrKgaJrzXJYEM-IlrWUcV5IK6g57d0Y2gVpV4a-TCz_hdlNjyL-fxn0TBvsKJYCYJWc_q_KPm-o1w_4D9oi8BkOhgjhuDbHlwu59e73k6RAYoOZHmwBRV-CNfLjbArZ7WT80/s640/333.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">What we immediately
notice is that the descriptions do not place the terms in one linguistic domain.
However, in our professional life, we use all these terms as a description of a
person who has specific work-related responsibilities. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That means, first
we need to define a domain where these words would have to be used with their
specific meaning, and then we need to assign that meaning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Let us narrow the
domain to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">professional qualification
evaluation.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">We will use these terms
do describe a person form the point of the quality of view of his/her work.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is my view
and my proposition for assigning specific meanings to terms “master”, “professional”,
and “expert”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The roots of mastership
are in the sense of decency.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A master stems
from a decent person.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But in this case decency
is not understood like a moral prerogative, i.e. to be a good person.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6PL0Ri5p71ST7Ftzjxt6u4WeJ-gw9CR_1T4p72eU7zLDXmo_TI4bg5EQqktE1AKq4bW9C9xKXzvkl7JeL0UN1zlSlDvCyfnyfvw0ydeD_L7cNBlEpEehaAXElvcElVsFxpGCnipqBh3E/s1600/444.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="595" data-original-width="974" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6PL0Ri5p71ST7Ftzjxt6u4WeJ-gw9CR_1T4p72eU7zLDXmo_TI4bg5EQqktE1AKq4bW9C9xKXzvkl7JeL0UN1zlSlDvCyfnyfvw0ydeD_L7cNBlEpEehaAXElvcElVsFxpGCnipqBh3E/s640/444.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Here, in the field
of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">professional qualification evaluation,</b>
decency is understood in a sense of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- an
intention to do the right thing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Sometimes the
right thing to do may feel moral for one person but immoral for other people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Maybe there is a
better word for a person who always tries to do the right thing, but I do not
know that term.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">By stating that “decency
is an intention to do the right thing” we define the meaning of this term in
the field of </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And then we start
describing the meaning of term “master” by stating that master bust be decent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">If a person does
not have decency (when we talk about professional qualification evaluation), it
means the person cannot be called a master.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But not every
decent person is a master.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> Being decent
is only the first component of being a master.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">It is not enough
just to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">want to do the right thing</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">One also has to
know <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">what the right thing is</b> (that
implies understanding of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>why</u></i>
that is the right thing to do) and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">how
to do it </b>(that implies an ability to perform the required actions).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">These two
components represent an expert and a professional. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And expert is the
one who knows what is right to do, and a professional knows how to do it. But
an expert or a professional may not always want to do the right thing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Now, after we
defined “expert” and “professional” we can define “master”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A master is a
decent expert and professional. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A master knows
what is the right thing to do, knows how to do it, and wants to do it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When a master
encounters something wrong, he/she wants to fix it, to make it right, and also
has abilities (knowledge and skills) to do it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A specific approach
to professional evaluation and development of teachers, called “Professional
Designing”, is described in this publication: <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html">“Professional Designing
For Teachers”</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Part2"></a>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Part II: What is “chaos” in a social setting.</span></b></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: part2;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Recently I came
across an email where a faculty says: “I always expect that the first day of
the class will be very chaotic”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There are two
major sources for this type of chaos.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The number one
source of chaos is students who do not follow instructions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In a social
system, chaos is a presence of many unexpected events.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, some
unexpected events could be due to spontaneous change in the environment, like a
natural or technological disaster. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But no one expects
an earthquake or a tsunami on the first day of classes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Hence, the actual unexpected
events are the ones initiated by humans. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That means humans –
students – will act unpredictably, unexpectedly, not according to the expectations
of an instructor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">If all students would
have been acting according to the expectations of an instructor, there would be
no chaos.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But why don’t students
act according to the expectations of an instructor?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Do they do it on
purpose?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Or they are
incapable of acting like they are supposed to?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Or those
expectations are unrealistic?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In my
experience, the majority of students want to do the most to succeed, and that includes following instructions. In most of the cases, the main reason for student not actin
according to the expectations of an instructor is that those expectations are
not articulated in a clear form.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In simple words, the
most common source of chaos is insufficient instructions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Chaos happens when
an instructor did not provide students with exact and accurate instructions of
what, when and how to do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is called bad
planning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Bad planning leads to chaos.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The events of the
first day of a class heavily depends on the quality of planning on the part of
the instructor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Planning is a
skill and can be trained, improved, developed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A specific approach
to professional evaluation and development of teachers, including planning, is
described in this publication: <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html">“Professional Designing
For Teachers”</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Iam.html"><span style="color: blue;">Sincerely</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Dr. </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/"><span style="color: blue;">Valentin</span></a> <a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/"><span style="color: blue;">Voroshilov</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-8106815336421232162020-08-31T20:35:00.006-04:002020-09-29T15:52:47.048-04:00I want you to know what I did last summer!<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSsykOMKZMwYvzbpwvroBh99ISx8BNfL_4B_YjLIHCRazARIdRkGMMl8-EjLaYKzOeoA6nIpAoee0kb_i6e6YAnW5vBWHUxi64XvhMQY-C3z6zKiboJeBFopkWXaybGjNQGlh5DdcJq8/s1600/11111.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1375" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSsykOMKZMwYvzbpwvroBh99ISx8BNfL_4B_YjLIHCRazARIdRkGMMl8-EjLaYKzOeoA6nIpAoee0kb_i6e6YAnW5vBWHUxi64XvhMQY-C3z6zKiboJeBFopkWXaybGjNQGlh5DdcJq8/s640/11111.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This post has 2
parts:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Part I: at the end of this part you find the link
to shared developed materials, including online labs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/physicsvideos.html#Part2">Part II: the description of the technological means for teaching.</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Part I:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Well, technically,
it is still this summer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I taught two
remote courses </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">–</span> my first fully remote, fully off-site, 100 % internet based,
distant courses. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">They were not
online courses, they were remote courses with the elements of online one. The
differences is described </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">here</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">, but the main
idea is simple, </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">a remote course is
a course with the ultimate goal to give students learning experience “the same”
</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">(meaning – as close
as technically possible) to a regular on-site course.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I used to include
online components in my regular courses, so it was not something absolutely new
– except labs!</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Online Physics
Experiments: two semesters </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">(</span></b><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">click here the full description, lab manuals, and lecture materials of the regular courses</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of course, I had
to develop a brand new strategy for teaching physics labs for a 100 % remote physics
course.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">My first intention
was doing labs live; an example is<a href="https://youtu.be/v_LZAEkU0mo"> semester 1, lab2</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">(there was no lab 1, the
title was reserved for an FCI survey).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">And this is how I
did my very first lab – live.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7iWf1mm-5_RZD5-GMv_xkSOev3RQO-J56rrLA-nYiZsKDA5y_CJ9a89cdcUgaGEpPJzcIIRzYwFhkf3YDRbU1NeSS0uiwbPqp9_KyqWjUMtYovuJqnQGjRh0z0sc1Xm5ITnTe42-eTLs/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-31+at+22.40.51.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="1244" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7iWf1mm-5_RZD5-GMv_xkSOev3RQO-J56rrLA-nYiZsKDA5y_CJ9a89cdcUgaGEpPJzcIIRzYwFhkf3YDRbU1NeSS0uiwbPqp9_KyqWjUMtYovuJqnQGjRh0z0sc1Xm5ITnTe42-eTLs/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-31+at+22.40.51.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It did not go
well, for many reasons, one of which was that students had a hard time to
watching me and follow my instructions – too intense. Plus, of course, at the very beginning of the lab my tech failed and I had to spend 20 minutes on fixing it, while more than hundred student were waiting (in the first semester I created one huge lab section for 90 % of students and another small one for students who could not attend the first one; in the second semester I broke the class into ten small lab sections).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">So, I’ve changed
the approach.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">All other labs
were pre-prepared (pun intended), and students did those labs in groups under
the guidance of the TFs (via Zoom).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The results were
good (at least according to some students).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The same lab
experiments could be used as parts of lectures.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I decided to share
all the materials – videos, instructions files, lab files, and software I used
(at the time – free for students).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">During the lab
students had to work in groups of 4 completing a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>shared file, and also entering their answers
into an online system (I used WebAssign – easy to grade).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I tested different
software</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEFsd0JvptlURJmvxAyw1V-Rcm8KePncdkZcdP0t5DOwl2Dh_uS_5SU_F6kxiESB7TIR67fT5uu4MRAoH35HFKBggr-G1EbRQB0y0i2P28gq3SpKfuC4O3NyvmdpZXcOIx4qYxSD6VpWs/s1600/2222.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1460" data-original-width="943" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEFsd0JvptlURJmvxAyw1V-Rcm8KePncdkZcdP0t5DOwl2Dh_uS_5SU_F6kxiESB7TIR67fT5uu4MRAoH35HFKBggr-G1EbRQB0y0i2P28gq3SpKfuC4O3NyvmdpZXcOIx4qYxSD6VpWs/s640/2222.png" width="412" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">but ended up using
only Zoom, Tracker, LoggerPro and Screen Recorder (you can find instructions in
the shared folder – the link is below). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I did not have a
team, no sound managers, no editors, etc., and naturally that affected the
quality of the videos. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I wish I had more
time and more sources – in that case I could develop all those (and more) labs
in a solid product (interested in cooperation? </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/Test.html"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">check this link</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">!).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Without further ado,
this is the link to the share folder – probably, you need to have google
account to access the folder, but maybe not.</span></div>
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1JXYPPEO5xXGO2twXi8T4j3SIpxi59puR?usp=sharing"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1JXYPPEO5xXGO2twXi8T4j3SIpxi59puR?usp=sharing</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This is what I see
when I follow the link to the folder: some instructions files and then two
folders – one per each semester (you should see something similar).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">You can download any file or folder.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">However, I have to say upfront that my labs are intense and force students into a lot of thinking. For example, you can take a look at my <a href="http://iergo.xyz/2dnSemesterUnit1.pdf">first lab for the second semester</a>, and <a href="http://iergo.xyz/2dnSemesterLab1.pdf">this online lab</a> I came across some time ago (also the first lab for the second semester; in the lab file I also placed some notes to pinpoint some issues I found in the lab). On the other hand, some of my labs have found its way to the wider audience. For example, since 2012 I was using <a href="www.gomars.xyz/PY106S2012_unit3.pdf">this lab </a>in my Summer II course. And recently I found that my manual was used - verbatim! - as <a href="www.gomars.xyz/PivotLabCapacitors.pdf">an online lab</a> for <a href="https://www.pivotinteractives.com/">Pivot Interactives</a>. It's nice to know that other instructors appreciate my material. But it would also be nice to be noted - as the author. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">_________ </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">If you are looking
for experiments that could be used as a demonstration, you can check theses
resources.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">1) Descriptions of common physics demonstrations:</span></div>
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<a href="http://physics.bu.edu/demos/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">http://</span><span class="il"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; text-decoration: none;">physics</span></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">.</span><span class="il"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; text-decoration: none;">bu</span></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">.</span><span class="il"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; text-decoration: none;">edu</span></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">/</span><span class="il"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt; text-decoration: none;">demos</span></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Links to videos:</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">2) About 150 videos; most show a specific experiment named in the
title</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/buphysics/videos"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">https://www.youtube.com/user/buphysics/videos</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">3) About 400 videos, about 150 of them are lectures, but about 90
% of those lectures also show demonstrations.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/vvfreephysics/videos"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">https://www.youtube.com/user/vvfreephysics/videos</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Sorry, there are
no catalogs for the videos, and when browsing, you can also stumble upon
something not related to physics.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Please feel free
to leave comments (at the bottom of this page). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Iam.html"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Sincerely</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Dr. </span><a href="http://iergo.xyz/"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Valentin</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Voroshilov</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Please feel free to
contact me if you need a consultation.</span>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Part2"></a>
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<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Part II: Some notes on course organization.</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">All lectures were live using live streaming tech ECHO360, and at the same time all lectures were recorded. As a backup, I always had with me a second PC system with Zoom. On several occasions mine main system failed, and I had to use a backup system, and I had to deal with IT, but that story would take much more space than one web-page.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Students could choose to watch live or a recording. In any case they were required to asnwer my lecture questions using WebAssign (so far it was the cheapest solution </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">–</span> around $60 for two semesters). </span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">My students would have
to pay <u>only</u> for the WebAssign access. They didn't have to buy a text book
because for many years I’ve been using a free online textbook from OpenStax. It's
not perfect, but sufficient enough (since physics has not changed much for about
a hundred years any textbook would do fine). Plus, I always try to develop my lectures
in such a way that students would not really need a textbook at all. I used free versions of software, and instead of using other platforms (like FlipIt or Pivot) I was developing my own materials.</span>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">All homework was also delivered via WebAssign. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Office hours were done via Zoom, and for a day-to-day communication we used Piazza. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I used a touchscreen monitor for writing on the top of my slides and then uploaded the slides for students. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When I did a demonstration experiment, I would switch to Zoom and used my web camera to project experiences. In order to see what students see I used a tablet to join the meeting as a student, and also I was watching myself via ECHO360. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The tech was very cumbersome, switching between different tech modes took extra time and effort. When one uses only a PowerPoint presentation, then all attention can be focused on the content. But </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">–</span> trying to achieve the best view for students </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">– </span></span>I had to pay attention to multiple actions, switching between different modes and devises,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> and that wasn't easy </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">– teaching a remote course requires from a teacher additional skills. And, of course, regular switching of the focus between the content and the tech has led to more mistakes in the content (more things like a missing coefficient, etc.).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This also
demonstrates a simple fact - if you want to deliver good distance education you
need to invest in it, you need to invest in technologies, and then you need to
train people how to use those technologies (that also requires serious
investments).</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I also
experimented with teaching from home. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Anyone, everyone
on this planet gets bored really really quickly watching a PowerPoint
presentation for more than ten minutes without seeing a lecturer – only slides
(with a lecturer it’s twenty).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But I don't have at
home a projector and a screen or a wall-sized TV set to stand in front of them
while broadcasting my lecture (I’m not that rich). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Hence, I had to
find a way to project my slides <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>
myself at the same time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Zoom allows that using
a screen sharing option.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In the end, to provide
students with the best learning experience, I've built this remote teaching
station.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8ZZfF0NLzn_RpaOeJIlkF18OavJxAR6buv97uuMNqTFRtlvucmoIDn9E_0IvQnhhdnIi5Ic5UXZ6vpbbeAiua4I6gUA27lDZSGA_AeAQo655xDFQTEetrhG-T5NtN8vThAvB8LAMZLk/s974/111.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="974" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8ZZfF0NLzn_RpaOeJIlkF18OavJxAR6buv97uuMNqTFRtlvucmoIDn9E_0IvQnhhdnIi5Ic5UXZ6vpbbeAiua4I6gUA27lDZSGA_AeAQo655xDFQTEetrhG-T5NtN8vThAvB8LAMZLk/w625-h335/111.png" width="625" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But my laptop was
not powerful enough, and I needed more fast USB ports, so I made an upgrade.</span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmRvbX6yGLCF3buTgl56rZsl5ld2NzIGwEe7W6f_WzzSJlVdXmvYLmaXL8vzVIrVeVVyd_qxU20nhMHnmipORvfk1KGPDzbGke7PGei4eZOz9uQcb20RIt-rZMoePvgdWqkgkzaJTfOMo/s974/222.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="974" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmRvbX6yGLCF3buTgl56rZsl5ld2NzIGwEe7W6f_WzzSJlVdXmvYLmaXL8vzVIrVeVVyd_qxU20nhMHnmipORvfk1KGPDzbGke7PGei4eZOz9uQcb20RIt-rZMoePvgdWqkgkzaJTfOMo/w625-h358/222.png" width="625" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When performing a
live lecture with this setup, I used a touchscreen monitor to write on a top of
my slides (to post them after a lecture).</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">One camera faced
me and the second camera faced the table which I used for some small
demonstrations. When I need to do a demonstration, I didn't have to move my
camera manually, I can't just switch from one camera to another and then switch
back.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The second monitor
I used for Zoom and other windows. And I used another computer to see what
students would see. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Technically, the
second monitor does not have to be a touchscreen, but using a pen saves time
(instead of moving a mouse cursor between two screens).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In the summer,
when I was teaching from the campus, I was also broadcasting my lectures using
a Periscope (I also used those recordings as backup recordings when ECHO360
system failed – twice).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But at home, without
a screen behind me Periscope broadcasting was useless.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">If you record your
Zoom meeting with a shared screen, then stopping sharing and pausing sharing
affect your video in different ways – you can play with settings and find the
one you like more. I use the settings when students can see in one video both
views at the same time – the slides and me.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But I wish Zoom
would develop the third mode: freeze sharing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">For meeting participants
freeze sharing mode would act like pause sharing mode, but in the recorded video
it would act like stop sharing mode.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><style>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It would be also cool if Zoom would add to the annotation panel some tools, like a ruler and a protractor.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACmTBFcxsPP-UBOo9Axae8L_i7bC0mn4vKr7TXuEuenYXlf-SnPjqluX3OAJR-imL4p5ljiDc9pcJ-RrYEOnAZ1Yx6lwGfPyzdGWZG_jXy_AbpmB2LZ0OarzoRwmqueYIPi9YXQ9HCMY/s2562/ruler.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1180" data-original-width="2562" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACmTBFcxsPP-UBOo9Axae8L_i7bC0mn4vKr7TXuEuenYXlf-SnPjqluX3OAJR-imL4p5ljiDc9pcJ-RrYEOnAZ1Yx6lwGfPyzdGWZG_jXy_AbpmB2LZ0OarzoRwmqueYIPi9YXQ9HCMY/w625-h288/ruler.png" width="625" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Unfortunately, there is no company that would create an integrated tech solution for remote science courses. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In the end, the tech part was doable and effective enough.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I do not expect many online teachers would have students saying: </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“</span><style><!--
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also entertaining and help for visual learners with difficult concepts.</span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">”</span>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“</span><style><!--
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Good use of demonstrations</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">.<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“Does a lot of visual
demonstrations.”</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">More from student evaluations, and also links leading to the actual files (with everything negative students tell about me) is <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">on this page.</a></span><style>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">P.P.S. my blog </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">https://www.cognisity.how/</span></a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Iam.html"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Sincerely</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">,</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Dr. </span><a href="http://iergo.xyz/"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Valentin</span></a><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/"><span style="color: #3a3ae8; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Voroshilov</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Please feel free to
contact me if you need a <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/Test.html">consultation</a>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">P.P.P.S.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Some examples of Zoom lecturing I came across in the past (including some of mine)</span></span> </span>
</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A presentation with a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span></span></span>laser pointer</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYWSrIlGHVUH9affHR0TmUH_m36Gu-9yg7z8DbIlbDLb_jZ10GxQ9HiwH6BYepPVSANy6NKaHfUF9mSxYBfOe1rEZh2EqREgdwuLJBLDNaKOGr1UVAY9hmzHhNTzTt7hdd4J77STe0Uc/s1600/A.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1397" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYWSrIlGHVUH9affHR0TmUH_m36Gu-9yg7z8DbIlbDLb_jZ10GxQ9HiwH6BYepPVSANy6NKaHfUF9mSxYBfOe1rEZh2EqREgdwuLJBLDNaKOGr1UVAY9hmzHhNTzTt7hdd4J77STe0Uc/s640/A.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A presentation with notes over slides</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzFIIveWIRIg_uua-BAGGDLU9ztBw5wc1rSMatltSBhEnicxcvXWNIGuP-1EJ5j8zKfeI4C06LNP4vapq4WsYAQKcORpiGkJQzUW0wUma5en2vUKff8LrtnX4acXvwq2AO7IDVM8zHBE/s1600/B.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1060" data-original-width="1585" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzFIIveWIRIg_uua-BAGGDLU9ztBw5wc1rSMatltSBhEnicxcvXWNIGuP-1EJ5j8zKfeI4C06LNP4vapq4WsYAQKcORpiGkJQzUW0wUma5en2vUKff8LrtnX4acXvwq2AO7IDVM8zHBE/s640/B.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A presentation with notes over slides and a view of the lecturer</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFcQ7TSlfcVJLMFnJcqC8BGQug18L1rWq5DtLHZ9gIZG8B6Wi2g_h4KYQHLKZnSVoNowvtz9pnyE6-Osyh7S94UhZe-cGOgGMs9w6cbNJUpO327MxDIXZElx7D4LlPqZATx-yKyF9_WGo/s1600/D.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1600" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFcQ7TSlfcVJLMFnJcqC8BGQug18L1rWq5DtLHZ9gIZG8B6Wi2g_h4KYQHLKZnSVoNowvtz9pnyE6-Osyh7S94UhZe-cGOgGMs9w6cbNJUpO327MxDIXZElx7D4LlPqZATx-yKyF9_WGo/s640/D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A presentation with notes over slides, a view of the lecturer, some communication and an experiment</span></span><br />
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-91479642363942062252020-08-22T10:58:00.000-04:002020-08-22T18:52:18.095-04:00What’s “wrong” with the new definition of a kilogram.<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The teacher’s
perspective.</span></b>
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<a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/new-definition-of-the-kilogram-comes-into-force/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/new-definition-of-the-kilogram-comes-into-force/"><img alt="https://physicsworld.com/a/new-definition-of-the-kilogram-comes-into-force/" border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1452" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3f2fHSAnsEn3v5J0gB7ccxwKiTvITO0K4DCRSs5EHh7prXj-0Sr74bloisnEkqHKhQqg_Zy8bcsF8OiKt1CnLL3lRBNRizkNVvjh8PSsRGKDH3NA6PxuYbC0KjdZWQtjfon_iGmT_bY/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-22+at+10.54.42.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram">Wikipedia</a>: “</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">the kilogram is currently <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_redefinition_of_the_SI_base_units" title="2019 redefinition of the SI base units">redefined</a> in terms of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck
constant</a> as approved by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on
Weights and Measures</a> (CGPM) on 16 November 2018.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The same page provides the timeline of the evolution of the definitions
of the unit of mass, that for many people for many decades was known as a
kilogram.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But neither Wikipedia, nor other popular or scientific sources
(e.g. <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/new-definition-of-the-kilogram-comes-into-force/">here</a>;
or <a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/PT.3.4472">here</a>)
do not tell us the significance of the change that happened in 2018. They all
focus on accuracy, on how much more precise one kilogram can be defined now
than before.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And they all ignore the methodological shift in the meaning
of a kilogram, namely, they ignore <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the change
in the in the meaning of mass</b>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The first meaning of mass was related to the amount of
matter stored in a given amount of volume, or to the heaviness, i.e. the weight
of that amount of matter.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">People knew that some materials are denser than others, they
could feel it. People also knew that some object are heavier than others, they
could feel it, too.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">So, they knew that if one takes an empty cube (or a sack),
and fills it up with dense material, it will be heavy, and that was treated as “a
lot of mass”. Using contemporary terminology, we can say that (without realizing
it) people used two definitions of mass:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(a) mass = density</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 11.0pt;">
* </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">volume</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(b) mass = weight</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 11.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">/</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 11.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(the acceleration due to gravity)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In general, mass represented the amount of matter, and
eventually, as a standard for that amount people used the amount of water in give
volume (e.g. in one cubic decimeter, a.k.a. 1 L). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The actual standard have been changing, but the meaning of
it was kept the same.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Until Newton changed it.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Before Newton, mass represented the amount of matter.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">After Newton mass started to represent the amount of
inertia.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">To explain the meaning of mass before Newton, a teacher
would have to demonstrate the fact that different materials have different
density, and that when you pack more stuff in the same volume, the density and
the mass (i.e. the amount of material) are proportional.</span></div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">After Newton, the explanation of the meaning of mass has
become more elaborated and more abstract.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">We need to start from making a statement that if we would have
one object (of any nature) in an empty space (for example, outside of the
earth, far away from everything else) that object could have been found only in
the state of rest or a in the state of a simple and continuous motion. If it
would be moving, then it would be moving along a straight line traveling exactly
the same distance in the same time. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, I just paraphrased <a href="https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Newton-s-First-Law">the first Newton’s law</a>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The mass or the size of the abject would not make any
difference. They all would remain at rest or would travel with constant
velocity (here we would have to provide the definition of velocity and explain
what does term “constant” mean).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Then the second Newton’s law comes into a play.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">We state that we can change the state of an object by
applying to it a force (for example, by touching it). And then we observe that
the state of that object changes, meaning, its velocity changes: the object may
start slowing down, or speeding up, or its path begins bending (not a straight
line anymore). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In the universe, nothing happens instantly – every change
takes time. This is the universal law of nature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And we observe that law in acting when we apply a force to
an object that previously was at rest or was moving with a constant velocity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">We observe that velocity changing gradually.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But we also observe that how fast that change happens
depends on the properties of objects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Specifically, the rate of change of velocity depends on how
light or heavy an object is.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The property of an object to keep its own state was named “inertia”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And the mass has become the measure of that property.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“More massive” now means “more inertial”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">One kilogram became the standard of inertia “stored” in the
standard of mass.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">To explain the meaning of mass, we can state now that if we
apply the same force to two different objects that initially have been in the same
state, it will take more time for a more massive object to acquire the same
change in its state as the other object.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, I just paraphrased <a href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/newton2.html">the Newton’s second law</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">To explain the new, Newtonian, meaning of mass, a teacher
would have to go through all the steps I just went through, but with more details,
more examples, and, of course, with actual experiments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That was not an easy task, but at least it was doable.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The new definition of one kilogram cannot be explained using
any clear and understandable means; it is reachable to only scientists well
versed in physics – in several different areas of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">For the rest of folks, it is basically: “Trust me, it works”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Don’t believe me? Try to read <a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/PT.3.4472">this piece</a>
from Physics Today(BTW: one of the best on the matter).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Trust me, <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=that%27s%20dope">it’s “dope”</a>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">So, what should a teacher do now?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I can only share what I did this summer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I went through exactly same explanations I used before the new definition was accepted,
and added only one sentence, that today we have a new, more accurate definition
of a kilogram (of course, I talked about mass and energy, and quantum properties of matter, but that was at the very end of the second semester, weeks and weeks after we covered the Newton's laws).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Based on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">my student evaluations</a>,
that went well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Happy teaching!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Dr. <a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Valentin</a> <a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/">Voroshilov</a></span></div>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-86392939634695818252020-08-18T19:37:00.001-04:002020-08-25T22:10:33.091-04:00Getting ready for the fall semester? Here are some hints.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.universitymagazine.ca/school-coming-crush-fall-semester/"><img alt="https://www.universitymagazine.ca/school-coming-crush-fall-semester/" border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="1110" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkVOJ6jQN3kVBtEZOisrIUyFbCT6z7sIjF7HgXSxX9dI-H7dmJyeAqVo6ScvmVybEJqMbaZHvd0KQqYaFDmnaPJTktIQw05FAa7nyZ-7St7hbJul2ejCyqdjMHISJV9rW0uXt7izyOHzw/s640/school.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Hi colleagues,</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">To help you
with your preparations for the fall semester, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would like to share with you some thoughts that
are based on my personal experience of teaching in the Summer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">First, I present
two unofficial feedbacks from my students (an official feedback is not ready
yet) – not to brag, but just to demonstrate that at least some of my actions
were appreciated by some of my students.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">If it
happened to me, it may also happen to you <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">the past feedback is available
here</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Dear Mr.
V,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">I took
both PY105 and PY106 this summer, and I just wanted to thank you for making the
transition to online classes so seamless. I was worried about not taking
physics in person, but with your approach I was able to do much better than I
expected. You and the TFs have been so incredibly helpful, and I’m honestly
very grateful for everything that you’ve done, considering it’s still a rather
stressful time for everyone. Thank you so much once again, I hope you have a
great rest of your summer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Best”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Mr. V, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">I just
wanted to personally reach out and thank you for teaching me
physics this summer. I’m not a native BU student, but you made the
transition easy. You always responded to my emails and my Piazza
questions in a timely manner. More importantly, I don’t think I could’ve asked
for a better professor. You taught me the material so well and made
sure labs reflected the content we went over in class. Thank you for
everything. Enjoy the rest of your summer. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Stay
safe,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">University
of Pennsylvania,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Biology
Department”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Ten general thoughts.</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. It is important to
understand the difference between two forms of distant learning: “online” and “remote”.
This difference is discussed in <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html">this article.</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. On-site and
distant learning represent two extreme forms of a mixed-model learning, a.k.a. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/classroom.html">the Layered Classroom</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">3. The results of effective
teaching (i.e. the learning outcomes of students) do not depend on the format;
the format of learning dictates the way teaching needs to be structured in
order to achieve the best results. Technologies do not make a teacher better or
worse, they just reveal how actually good or bad the teacher is.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">4. No matter if students
are physically present in a room, or participate live but remotely (in a lecture,
a discussion, a lab team), or conduct prescribed exercises at the time of their
choice (such exercises can include, but not limited to – watching recordings of
lectures, discussions, experiments, reading, solving homework problems) the
result of their actions depends on how good those actions have been structured
by an instructor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">5. Every large class
has students who prefer live participation and students who prefer to have flexibility
in the time for conducting required learning actions. That is why students
appreciate when they have a choice for selecting the form they prefer to use
for leaning, even within the same course.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">6. The most appreciated
feature of teaching activities is their clarity for students, students like to
understand what is happening and why.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">7. Students appreciate
when the lecture material, homework material, lab material and exam material are
connected/correlated in a clear way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">8. Students like the
feeling that they are taught by their professor. Meaning, “their professor” is
the one who conducts the most of the teaching – in all possible forms. The
difference between “learned from” and “taught by” is provided by the amount of the
personal engagement of the instructor in the development of a course; reflected
in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1) the amount of actual interaction
(at least – potential); (2) the amount of the material prepared by the instructor
himself/herself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">9. The proportion of
students who are engaged in learning and who are simply getting over with the
course does not depend on the format of teaching.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">10. Instructors act based on their own definition of learning and teaching. If learning is understood as consuming information then the source of that information does not matter, and an instructor becomes an information selector and coordinator and does not have to produce and deliver that information. In this case, teaching is not much different from training animals.<br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Two specific thoughts
on the use of experiments in a course</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. Students like seeing
their instructor doing some demonstrations (an example of a specific consequence
of the general thought #8).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. When planning a
demonstration, be aware that depending on the format of your class, you may
also need to think about some additional time to practice with it, and/or to organize
recording of an experiment, and/or to estimate the best way to deliver a demonstration
to the live audience. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt;">Dr. <a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Valentin</a> <a href="http://www.teachology.xyz/">Voroshilov</a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Appendix</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“In 1913, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>
introduced conveyor-belt assembly lines at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>'s Highland Park, Michigan
factory.<sup id="cite_ref-Hounshell-1984_6-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt#cite_note-Hounshell-1984-6">[6]</a></sup>”
(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt">from Wikipedia</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">We all know that using conveyor-belt assembly lines
allowed Ford to make a transition from crafting vehicles for rich individuals
to mass production of cars for the middle-class Americans (who Ford help to
create by paying fair wages).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This is how I imagine that happened.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">At first Ford got an idea from learning about existing
conveyor-belts. He called on his engineers and charged them with developing the
assembly lines. When the lines were ready, he gathered all his workers and told
them: “Guys, I made theses conveyor-belt assembly lines for you. Now, go in
there and figure out how to use them to make cars. Once in a while a librarian will
be bring you a leaflet about nuts and bolts. God speed!”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And happy workers ran to the assembly lines and picked
up the tools, quickly figured out who should stand where, what tool to use, for
what and how, and started making the cars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Does not seem plausible, does it?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course that was not how it happened. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, Ford had a team that trained workers. In
fact, one of the reasons to pay workers good wage was to reduce the training
cost (<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/03/04/the-story-of-henry-fords-5-a-day-wages-its-not-what-you-think">via
retaining good workers</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Why do we talk about Ford?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">To illustrate the opposite.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When COVID19 forced schools, colleges and universities
to close their classroom and to through all teachers, instructors, faculty into
the ocean of distant teaching, it was done exactly like in my fictional history
of Ford. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“This is your computer, a web-camera and
the internet access – go and teach! Once in a while our “<a href="https://www.bu.edu/ctl/">center for teaching and learning</a>” will email
you a list of helpful hints and resources (of course, you also could have just Google
that stuff, but we will pre-select it for you).”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 190.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This is an excerpt from a plan I came
across.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“Courses -
Undergraduate and Graduate</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">All courses have been adapted to the … “mixed-learning”
… model. Instructors began reaching out to registered students … with details
on how classes would be structured and taught for the Fall 2020 semester. If
you have any questions about your specific class, please reach out to the
instructor listed on the Link.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That’s it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That's all of it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This plan could have started from stating the central goal (BTW: the #1 responsibility of a <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/Management.html">manager</a>) - that is <b>to provide education of the same quality as for a standard face-to-face format</b> (or at least as close as possible). Let be honest - the </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“mixed-learning”</span> model is only a name, the real model (for 90 % of courses) is just 100 % online teaching (please note - <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html">not remote, but online!</a>). And without making a clear goal - to keep the </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">quality</span> of teaching as high as before - things are getting cut: demonstration experiments are replaced with apps, labs got shorter - for the same money(!).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Why no administrator dares to state that goal? Becasue then he or she would have to say: </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span>And this is how we will be achieving this goal!</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">” And now we have a problem, because no administrator has sufficient knowledge about effective distant teaching strategies. In fact, almost no college </span></span>and university administrator has sufficient knowledge about effective teaching strategies - period. Hence, they don't make the best decision - form the point of view of the mission of a teaching institution; they make a simplest and easiest decision - let everyone do whatever they want to. <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/07/Lie.html">As long as students do not complain - everything is fine</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And now every instructor is figuring out on his/her own what and how
he or she will do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">It is like gathering stay-home moms and telling them: “From
now on, all of you have to run a restaurant”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Do you really expect they all will start cooking like<a href="https://trulyexperiences.com/blog/most-decorated-michelin-star-chefs/"> Gordon
Ramsay</a>?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">For (much) more on the matter of teaching and learning:</span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-left: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html">Strategies For Teaching
Science</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-left: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/philosophy-o.html">Philosophy Of Education</a>
</span></div>
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ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-65224235591351655732020-08-17T00:21:00.002-04:002020-08-22T13:11:32.639-04:00The true mystery of quantum mechanics.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The true mystery of quantum mechanics</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnnH_40RU63pJcM3x5WUm5VapFJHfvq8TQZ5JPlVD0Q7fteHR3_MOVo1LUPhRGjtRDcTD8dKW3eINVncUMuQ7KmtFnEFILtD6l_nd65psQMcvTFOn_7D4qA9XnP_Ysbr0od1hLoCp3eE4/s1600/2slits.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="974" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnnH_40RU63pJcM3x5WUm5VapFJHfvq8TQZ5JPlVD0Q7fteHR3_MOVo1LUPhRGjtRDcTD8dKW3eINVncUMuQ7KmtFnEFILtD6l_nd65psQMcvTFOn_7D4qA9XnP_Ysbr0od1hLoCp3eE4/s640/2slits.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">In all known experiments, all 100 % of them conducted
to this day for about a century, all quantum objects have been revealing
themselves as objects localized in space, i.e. as particles.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The most common examples of such experiments are:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the photoelectric effect, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the Compton’s scattering, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the Rutherford experiment (and all other collision
experiments), </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">mass-spectrometry (including trajectory visualizing
techniques like a cloud chamber), </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">counting techniques (e.g. a Geiger counter, a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">scintillation counter</span>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That is why each existing quantum object is called “a particle”
(with a specific name – an electron, a proton, a photon, etc.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The most puzzling feature of those particles is that
even though they exist and exhibit themselves as particles, they behave in a
way similar to the behavior of classical waves, e.g. the waves on a surface of
water.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Our common sense makes us to believe that nothing can
be a particle and a wave at the same time – they both are “size-less”, but a
particle has no size because it is basically a dot, and a wave has no size
because it is being spread over a vast region of space (theoretically, in the
most abstract sense – over the whole universe).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And yet, in order to explain all know experiments
scientists had to treat quantum objects in a very contradictory way – like
particles and like waves – at the same time.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">For about a century, this “contradiction” has been the
source of deep confusions and intense discussions. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Those discussions had led to several famous word-tags,
such as:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The Schrödinger’s cat,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Wave-particle duality,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The uncertainty principle,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">A wave-function collapse,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">and also, to one of the most discussed quantum thought
experiments: a double-slit electron diffraction.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Since I already have publications on those matters, I
forward readers to </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">this page</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I would recommend to start from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/wrong.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The logical fallacy of the existing
explanations of the electron double-slit experiment</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/VonNeumann.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Can an Electron Travel through Two Slits at the same
time?</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2018/02/entanglement.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Thinking about the origins of the Quantum Mechanics.</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/entanglement.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">On the entanglement between superfluidity,
superconductivity and entanglement.</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/cat.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Killing
The Schrodinger's Cat, at last and for good: part I</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/catpart2.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Killing The Schrodinger's Cat, at last and for good: part II</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/schrod.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Freeing The Schrodinger's Cat: Solving The Mysteries of Quantum
Mechanics: part I</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/part2.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Freeing
The Schrodinger's Cat: Solving The Mysteries of Quantum Mechanics: part II</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/1photon.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The Core Assumption of Every Known Single Photon
Experiment Is Wrong</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Since all those pieces were a reaction to something I
read, they may have similar parts, as well as ideas unique to that particular
piece.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Here I just want to add two short notes – one on a
wave-function collapse, and another one on the double-slit experiment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I. A standard textbook on quantum mechanics describes
two types of evolution of a wave function.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">For example, </span><a href="http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/Quantum/"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Dr. Richard Fitzpatrick</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">, Professor of Physics at The University of Texas at
Austin, </span><a href="http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/Quantum/node29.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">writes</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">: “There
are two types of time evolution of the wavefunction in quantum mechanics.
First, there is a smooth evolution which is governed by Schrödinger's equation.
This evolution takes place between measurements. Second, there is a
discontinuous evolution which takes place each time a measurement is made.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This is a very common </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">view</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> shared
by many physicists: “In general, quantum systems exist in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition" title="Quantum superposition"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">superpositions</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> of those basis states that most closely correspond to
classical descriptions, and, in the absence of measurement, evolve according to
the Schrödinger equation. However, when a measurement is made, the wave
function collapses—from an observer's perspective—to just one of the basis
states, and the property being measured uniquely acquires the eigenvalue of
that particular state. After the collapse, the system again evolves according
to the Schrödinger equation.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But not all scientist share that view. Following the
Wikipedia: “The existence of the wave function collapse is required in </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation" title="Copenhagen interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Copenhagen
interpretation</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_collapse_interpretation" title="Objective collapse interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">objective
collapse interpretations</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_interpretation" title="Transactional interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">transactional
interpretation</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_of_quantum_mechanics#von_Neumann/Wigner_interpretation:_consciousness_causes_the_collapse" title="Interpretation of quantum mechanics"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">von
Neumann interpretation</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> in which </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness_causes_collapse" title="Consciousness causes collapse"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">consciousness
causes collapse</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">On the other hand, the collapse is considered a
redundant or optional approximation in </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent_histories" title="Consistent histories"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">consistent
histories</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> approach, self-dubbed
"Copenhagen done right"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohm_interpretation" title="Bohm interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Bohm interpretation</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation" title="Many-worlds interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">many-worlds
interpretation</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_interpretation" title="Ensemble interpretation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">ensemble
interpretation</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This is an illustration of simple fact that even
today, almost a hundred years later after the development of the quantum theory
of matter, physicists are still not united about its interpretation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This is a notable fact.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Physicists do not have different interpretations of
the classical mechanics, or classical electrodynamics. They even agree on the meaning
of the special and general relativity theories. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But when they talk about quantum mechanics – they are divided.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">My view on the so-called wave-function collapse is
simple – it does not exist. The wave function always evolves according to the Schrödinger’s
equation, but when a quantum object interacts with a large classical system the
equation is simply too complicated for scientists to solve, or even analyze –
using current mathematical tools. For example, a problem with three electrons
orbiting a heavy nucleolus is already borderline complicated. An act of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a measurement – as an act of an interaction
between a quantum and a classical systems – is much more complicated than that.
And physicists cover up their inability to solve the problem of measurements by
invoking a miracle called “a collapse”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">There is no such thing as “a discontinuous evolution”.
There is evolution that is too yet difficult to be analyzed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">II. One of the premises of a double-slit electron diffraction
experiment is that after traveling through the slits (in any way that fits the
view of an author) they do not travel using a certain path, but reach the
screen via many possible paths, and for each path there is a number that is called
“the probability amplitude for an electron for “choosing” that path”. And the
probability for an electron to get from point A (e.g. the slit #1) to point B
(e.g. a given location on a screen) is based on the sum of all probability
amplitudes for all possible paths leaving point A and arriving at point B.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This picture leads to a clear and robust mathematical
description, called “</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_integral_formulation"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">path integral</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">s”
– one of the most fundamental mathematical instruments used in all quantum theories.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">It works.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">If explains all known experiments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The only problem with it – it contradicts the nature
of the experiment used for its own development.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_diffraction"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Electron diffraction</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> exists. Experiments show it. those experiments have become so routine,
there is a lab on that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And yet, the notion that electrons can travel via
different paths is wrong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">It is not easy to see the path of those electrons,
what we see is the interference pattern on a fluorescent screen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But we can use a robust analogy to visualize what
would we see if we could see the trajectories of those diffracted electrons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That analogy is based on the original similarity
between particles and waves, or, more specifically, between quantum particles
and light waves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">At the dawn of the quantum mechanics, light waves were
used as a means for understanding wave-like behavior of electrons, and other
quantum particles. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Light waves from diffraction patterns, electrons form
diffraction patterns, hence electrons are kind of like waves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But why don’t we use this similarity backwards?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Electrons are particles that exhibit a wave-like
behavior. Light waves exhibit a wave-like behavior. Hence light is also made of
particles – photons. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That was the idea the brought the </span><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/facts/"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Nobel Prize to Albert Einstein.</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Let’s use this similarity again.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">We know that light is a quantum matter formed by
photons. And we know that those photons travel through a double-slit in a
special way. Hence electrons, because they are also quantum particles, should
travel through a double-slit <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">in the same
special way.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And that way
does NOT show many possible paths – not at all!</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">In fact, what we see in a very standard diffraction
experiment is a set of several specific trajectories. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">In reality, an actual experiments is much simpler and
clearer when it is done with a diffraction grating (optical – for photons, or
crystalloid – for electrons). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When photons travel through a diffraction grating they
travel along a small number of clear paths. It is impossible to predict which
path will be “selected” by which photon, but we do NOT see photons traveling in
a cloud that “collapses” when that cloud reaches a screen (again – no
“wave-function collapse”!).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This pictures shows an example of those trajectories (</span><a href="https://youtu.be/lJhlufLURrg"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">here is a
short video</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqyjF0fde113vFZVT5Zvl6NJPcnanZC4THouSsUQkSFPq54Syc6OG5DUBVyVXjIh3QRiQvsZwMkNkO9Gq-K3JkSRrYazJcFN9UhxnDiBnzaxP7OBH5DkZU46w50AvTiN4obKUabAKvSE4/s1600/green.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="941" data-original-width="1550" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqyjF0fde113vFZVT5Zvl6NJPcnanZC4THouSsUQkSFPq54Syc6OG5DUBVyVXjIh3QRiQvsZwMkNkO9Gq-K3JkSRrYazJcFN9UhxnDiBnzaxP7OBH5DkZU46w50AvTiN4obKUabAKvSE4/s640/green.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I am sure, a similar experiment with electrons
traveling through a cloud chamber would show a similar picture.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This picture proves that the model of many different
paths for an electron to travel from the grating (or slits) to the screen is
simply wrong – despite the fact that it mathematically correctly describes the
probability to fins a particle at a given location on a screen.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">How can it be that a model that contradicts the
physical nature of a process (traveling toward a screen), also provide correct
mathematical description of the results of that process (arriving at a screen)?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">There is no answer to this question. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">To this day – now one knows why quantum mechanics
works so well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This experiment also shows a common methodological
misconception – namely, that quantum particles travel according to the wave
function provided by the solution of a Schrödinger’s equation with the given
potential energy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">That wave-function will give the probability of fining
a particle at the given point at the given time – but saying that a particle
can travel along many paths with different probability amplitudes is wrong – it
contradicts a simple experiment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This experiment also illuminates one of the most
famous mysteries of the double-slit diffraction experiment – how do electrons or
photons get through the slits? Because the way they get thought the slits (or a
grating) prescribes their future behavior – particularly, the path they travel
through to a screen. For example, in the picture, we see that each photon
“selects” one of the three paths, the probability to travel along a different
path is zero (or almost zero).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">We have three possibilities to describe the behavior
of particles in this experiments, and the next one is even worse than the
previous one.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">(A) Particles “learn” what path they have choose when
they interact with the grating (or slits) and then they travel along that
chosen path. If that is a case, then a particle should “learn” its path even if
there is only one slit! BTW: <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/wrong.html">a fact escaping the mind of an every single author discussing the double-slit electron diffraction experiment</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">A single-slit diffraction is well known for light, and
it should be observed for electrons and other quantum particles, as well. But
the explanation should be based on the solution of a Schrödinger’s equation for
a particle interaction with a large classical object, and as we know from part
II, no one yet knows how to do that (even for one slit!). Plus, this would negate
the basis for the path-integral approach – if everything is “decided” at the
beginning of each path (i.e. at the end of the particle–grating/slit
interaction) then for each path its probability is set before that path begins.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">(B) Particles “learn” what path they have to choose
based on the whole system – that includes the grating (slits, a slit) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and a screen. </i>Clearly, this is even more
complicated problem. The way around is to ignore the particle–grating/slit
interaction and invoke the path-integral approach. But to explain how a far
located screen affects the “choice” of a path we would run into a non-locality,
or a faster-than-light interactions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">(C) In addition to the mystery of “learning the path”,
particles may be able to “jump” from one path onto another, and back. That
would definitely lead to a non-locality and a faster-than-light interactions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This experiment demonstrates that the real mystery of
quantum mechanics is not “how do<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>electrons travel through two slits at the same time?” (</span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/wrong.html"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">they don’t</span></a><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">) but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“how do electrons “chose” their path?”</b></span></div>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-50982806012651881742020-08-08T15:31:00.004-04:002020-08-09T12:46:26.414-04:00Why Calling AI “Intelligence” is Not Intelligent.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikX36FzVjqbGgThmF-1V8JbIWWD37hXf6qJV-xaXeAFFcHEsBI3XzXSkj4903zjVDzlO1JMu_WwTLDCBJ7tHlFCwyt3OITxGUJklufT5nkC7VdCPPA2VUnqwJD7iRJ7qUEW483Wc29vxs/s1600/dd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1221" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikX36FzVjqbGgThmF-1V8JbIWWD37hXf6qJV-xaXeAFFcHEsBI3XzXSkj4903zjVDzlO1JMu_WwTLDCBJ7tHlFCwyt3OITxGUJklufT5nkC7VdCPPA2VUnqwJD7iRJ7qUEW483Wc29vxs/s640/dd.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In this short
piece I prove that calling AI “intelligence” is nothing but marketing.</span>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. Every living
system – from an amoeba, to a plant, to an ant, to a human – obeys a simple
hierarchy missions:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(a) The number one
mission, the top one, the highest one is to survive;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(b) The number two
mission is to reproduce;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(c) The number 3
mission is to evolve in such a direction that would enhance abilities to
survive and reproduce.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. The evolution
has led to the development of different organs responsible for different
functions (the optimization of the actions required for fulfilling the missions
requires the separation of purposes and processes).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">3. The central
organ responsible for the evolution is a brain. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(a) The mission of
a brain is it to govern the system.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(b) The main
function of a brain is making decisions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">4. Only an
intelligent brain can make decisions; a pre-intelligent (or un-intelligent)
brain cannot make decisions – all it can do is to react to different stimuli
(there is <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/01/behavior.html">a big
difference between selecting one choice from several options and making a
decision</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">5. An un-intelligent
brain only reacts to stimuli <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">external</b>
to the brain. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">6. Only an intelligent brain can react on a stimulus
that comes from inside the brain</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">7. Currently,
there is no single artificial system that can mimic an intelligent brain; there
is no single artificial system that can react on a stimulus that comes from
inside of that system. AI professionals do not know how to develop such a
system. They do not even know what “intelligence” is – they do not have a
definition for that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/QED.html">Q.E.D.</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">From previous
posts (all available on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html">this
page</a>).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A high-level of thinking, or a human-level thinking, or what
I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>call – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">thinking</b>, is, by <b>my</b> definition, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a deliberate manipulation with abstract mental entities in order to
achieve a specific mental goal, i.e. to develop/construct/design a specific mental
object/construct/concept/model.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This ability is the reason we call humans “intelligent
species”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Term “deliberate” implies that the person who is in the
process of thinking is aware of the fact that he/she is in the process of
thinking – he/she is doing it on purpose. That means, thinking, or to be more
accurate, human-level of thinking cannot happen without self-awareness.
Self-awareness is a state of mind. And no AI professional, not a single one the
whole world, has any idea of how to generate that state in an artificial mind
called an artificial neural network. No AI professional has any idea how to
teach an artificial brain <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">to think</b>.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Well, not a single professional in AI field has any idea
what teaching is, how it is happening, how it needs to be organized. For them “<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html">teaching</a>” is no
different from training circus animals to do tricks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Those are the same people who cannot even make a workable design for a blog.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-40191466798035971462020-07-22T22:13:00.001-04:002020-08-23T11:03:39.096-04:00The future of education is impossible without a robust online component.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZq_SicKRmHGX6Tx78Nh4PyYtyZZqI7RsfpvPHgDqsKHt2DoKW4ygNIdNSbGMwsbW4IWpXPUYobios59fvcybBSOZ_mtGrHvTCVHxhGUh2PFMH05H6EFh9D4wA7kjgRefSzBzSE4s7js/s1600/image143.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="91" data-original-width="139" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZq_SicKRmHGX6Tx78Nh4PyYtyZZqI7RsfpvPHgDqsKHt2DoKW4ygNIdNSbGMwsbW4IWpXPUYobios59fvcybBSOZ_mtGrHvTCVHxhGUh2PFMH05H6EFh9D4wA7kjgRefSzBzSE4s7js/s640/image143.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“Prof. Voroshilov, I’m at a loss for words to express
my gratitude. In all of my years of school, from elementary, into high school,
and through college, I have been blessed with top-notch teachers. But I’m pretty
sure you take the cake. I was originally debating between taking physics at
Harvard or BU, and all the signs pointed to BU. Honestly, I kind of think it
was fate. I am not sure if it was just a good student – teacher match, but I
thoroughly enjoined your lectures. You have an uncanny ability to present
material, and it’s pretty clear (to me, at least) how much effort you put into
your work as a teacher.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="#skip">Click here skip other feedback</a> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“Thank you, thank you, thank you! Mr. V, thank you for
putting up with all of us this summer!! I feel much more prepared for the MCAT.
And I loved the demonstrations! Thanks for putting all the time + effort!”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Professor V, </span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 18.0pt;">You designed this class so that those
who put in the effort would succeed, so I gave it my all and sure enough."</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“<span style="color: #222222;">I want to say thank you
for creating such a conducive learning environment for me to succeed. I hadn't
taken a physics class since my freshman year in high school, so I was very
nervous going into your class. I did not expect this course to become my
favorite science course so far at BU. Physics is a hard subject, but you
explained everything well and made sure we, as a class, had the tools necessary
to succeed with enough hard work on our end.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“Professor Voroshilov is great – he explains concepts
very well, and makes great use of clicker questions, demos, etc. Prof.
Voroshilov also uses powerpoint, transparencies, videos, cameras, tablets, etc.
very creatively and effectively to reinforce material from lecture.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“I didn’t like physics before taking this class and
now it’s one of my favorite classes.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 18.0pt;">"I hated physics
before taking this course, and now after taking both 105 and 106 with Mr. V, I
actually really enjoy it. He is one of the best teachers I've ever had. Thank
you"</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“Best physics professor here, only one who cares if
students are learning the material. Proves you don’t need a PhD in physics to
teach this class. PhD in education is much more effective.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">_____</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Those were some examples from my past student
evaluations, when I was teaching an on-site elementary physics course.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And now, here are some of recent evaluations
after I taught my first fully remote class (finished it just before the 4th of July).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">_____</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“I found that
Professor V. was a fantastic professor to have! In particular, I appreciate
that he put time into ensuring the online nature of the course was not a
detriment to our lives, particularly as I work outside school. He hardly ever
stumbled in the use of technology to provide us with the best in-class
experience.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Professor V. has
a strong passion and drive for teaching physics.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“He worked hard to
make sure the technology worked in a timely and organized fashion.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Professor V. is
extremely passionate about physics allowing for this course to be more
interesting than normal. His teaching style and presentations are
straightforward, and allow for the material to be mastered as long as you work
hard for it.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“I loved Professor
V. because he was never trying to trick students, and he truly hopes all
students can be successful in PY105.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“There are clear
explanations for every single problem we encountered, alongside theoretical
background of all derivations and processes studied. The instructor also
appears enthusiastic, which is very helpful for courses like physics (easily
monotonous with all the math involved)”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“He uses lot's of
models and examples to teach.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“He is very caring
and thorough, tries to be clear with his expectations. We really appreciate how
much time and effort he puts into his lectures, demonstrations, and the amount
of his own time he puts into answering piazza questions. I have never had a
professor who cares enough to answer piazza questions as often as Mr. V so I
commend how much effort he puts in”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Professor V is
excellent, I have no complaints. He is enthusiastic and caring, as well as
extremely knowledgeable. He was passionate and available regularly for help.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“He is really
funny without trying too hard. He's definitely one of my favorite personalities
of the university professors I've had so far. I feel like every ruling he had
regarding our class was fair, sometimes even too nice. I felt this class more
than any other I have taken at this school benefited me. I spent a considerable
amount of time preparing for the exams, and wasn't surprised by a single
question on them. He really, really cared about the students, even if he didn't
express it explicitly. He came off cold at first, especially in the responses
he'd give to students on Piazza who were not doing well in the class. It was in
his actions that I really noticed he cared, like spending days regrading exams
after there were discrepancies, or changing the format of labs due to technical
difficulties on the student's parts. A teacher who didn't care wouldn't have
changed those things.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“He was
comfortable with the technology which made everything easier on our end as
students. He was able to adapt quickly when things went wrong such as Echo360
shutting down, etc.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Dr. V is a very
passionate instructor. His presentations are straightforward and cover a lot of
problems. The questions are engaging and the experiments are interesting. Lots
of great demonstrations”</span></div>
<a id="skip"></a>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Great energy, the
lecture is really easy to understand.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">_____</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Many more examples are available <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html#top">on this page</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And <a href="https://youtu.be/av9eLrjotV8">here</a>
is the latest informal sound-feedback from a current student, who says that
even though my course is remote, she learned more than from a past on-site
course.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-bottom: 1.2gd;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The goal of this presentation of quality is
not to brag, but to state the fact: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I am
good at teaching physics, <u>no matter what format</u> I have to use.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html"> I teach</a>, students always appreciate my style and express their support.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of
course, not everyone is happy with the way I teach.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">No one
can satisfy all the people all the time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But
obviously, when I teach I do something right.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When I
teach - I know what I do, and know why do it, and why I do it in the way I do
it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">It is
absolutely obvious that online/distant/remote is here for a long time ahead,
and is not going to go anywhere.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">On the
contrary, the institutions that can offer a high-quality online/distant/remote
courses will have a significant advantage on the market.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">People
like I, who can design and deliver an effective remote course are becoming a
valuable asset for institutions and companies in the field of education.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Based
on my proved experience, I would like to develop the “perfect” elementary
physics course for students who have never been taken physics before.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/Test.html">For that, I'm looking for a specific institution or a company that would be willing to support my project</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Ideally,
I would like to gather a team of educators who could together create a collection
of highly effective distant courses - not just for students, but <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html">for teachers</a> (and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/05/EdTech.html">more</a>)!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Such a
team would give a significant advantage to any institution or company that wants
to dominate the market for online remote/distant/education (on the difference
between “online” and “remote” read <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html">this piece</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Interested?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Call
me!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Appendix</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Recently I read in the news that <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2020/07/22/no-new-international-students-at-harvard-due-to-immigration-rules/#6f3df4495cbb">Harvard University will not be able to accept new foreign students </a>due to visa restrictions placed on fully online learners.<br />I think I can give advice to Harvard lawyers how to fight that.<br />There are two opposite or “extreme” forms of distant education - one is called online and another one is remote. <br />They both do not require a physical presence.<br />But – and that is hugely important - remote education requires remote presence at the time of a class.<br />In the remote format students have to participate live!<br />That means even students are not physically present in the classrooms, they still have to be physically present in the region with the same time zone!<br />That means even if there are no on-site classes, with the remote classes students still have to be able to enter the United States in order to participate in those classes.<br />This link describes difference between remote and online in a greater detail:<br /><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html">https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html</a> <br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I wonder why Harvard lawyers could not figure this out. </span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">P.S.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/what-is-difference-between-expert-and.html">This
page</a> represents the full list of my publications on various matters of
education.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Here
are some of the titles.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomars.xyz/phy.html">A Full Physics Course</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/xd3IM1cSASQ">Essentials of Teaching
Science</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/think.html">Modeling Instructions,
Design Thinking, and Productive Thinking for a Science Teacher</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">
<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/06/think.html">Deliberate Thinking v.
Digging a Trench </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">Graphical Approach for
Structuring Physics Knowledge </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A General “Algorithm” for Creating a Solution to a Physics Problem</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/thinkphy.html">What does “Thinking as a
Physicist” mean?</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/LernAids.html">Teaching Tools for
Fostering Understanding of Physics </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/knowmath.html">What Math Skills do
Students Taking Physics Need to Have? </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/learnphy.html">Who and why should learn
physics? </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/06/taskvproblem.html">A Problem v. a Task;
the Distinction Matters! </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/science.html">Factual thinking v.
integrative thinking, or how we need to teach science</a></span></div>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-54821132309016272792020-07-21T23:08:00.001-04:002020-07-21T23:08:21.780-04:00The logical fallacy of the existing explanations of the electron double-slit experiment.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqsJoiWJGpWoeRRzvY4UsUiGsLnBqYd9sIfpb2OwbIMJvJzoVYGuQrFxwgNtJ6cf-nl-M_B_6cZPu8Dta15W6gQuYK17B5am20SKSdrPv0Odg6fQesEWfk_-p-oF4AoyPdiTFlTeRW0k/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="640" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqsJoiWJGpWoeRRzvY4UsUiGsLnBqYd9sIfpb2OwbIMJvJzoVYGuQrFxwgNtJ6cf-nl-M_B_6cZPu8Dta15W6gQuYK17B5am20SKSdrPv0Odg6fQesEWfk_-p-oF4AoyPdiTFlTeRW0k/s640/Picture1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">All existing analyses of the double-slit
electron experiment are based on two statements:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">1. When only one slit (hole) is open then
electrons reach the screen and form a Bell-shaped pattern. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">2. When two slits are open, electrons form an
interference pattern that does not represent a simple composition of two Bell-shaped
patterns. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But all those existing analyses make the same
logical mistake. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">They assume that when electrons travel
through a single slit, they behave like classical particles.</span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">However, there is absolutely no reason for
that assumption.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">An analogy with the light traveling through
one or two slits (holes) shows that the pattern formed by electrons should depend
on the size of the opening. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When there is only one opening, but it is
large (large enough, in a certain sense), then electrons will be forming a
classical-like Bell-shaped pattern. But in this case, even with two openings,
we should expect a classical-like pattern, and no interference.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But when the opening is small, electrons
should form a single-slit interference pattern. When another opening becomes
available, electrons form an interference pattern as well, but this should not
be a surprise anymore, because electrons have already formed an interference
pattern with only one opening.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And in that case the real question is <b>why do
electrons form an interference pattern when they travel through a single small
opening?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">All existing analyses of the double-slit
electron experiment simply combine two incompatible pictures, the classical
picture of particles traveling through one hole, and a quantum picture of
particles traveling through two holes.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, when you use an inconsistent
logic, you get confusing results.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">This used to be an appendix to. Large piece
on the matter:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/VonNeumann.html">“Can an electron
travel through two slits at the same time?”</a>, posted on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html">this page</a>.</span><br />
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-28193261043534407402020-04-23T16:18:00.001-04:002020-06-28T01:11:23.819-04:00The Difference Between Online Learning and Remote Teaching<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9GfQlTys4zKVitqHCCzGKBUqOCLFN7sivmwt83uNYBMXCW-4WPXdcYOAtO6HDQbINEbKFrMjXtkDLHRtwcNGGmOahLl2BOn1HJTHGzQnAF4YLNC6clNq4uXk2HpevSSkL6jLyot0t2WE/s1600/1111.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1320" data-original-width="1464" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9GfQlTys4zKVitqHCCzGKBUqOCLFN7sivmwt83uNYBMXCW-4WPXdcYOAtO6HDQbINEbKFrMjXtkDLHRtwcNGGmOahLl2BOn1HJTHGzQnAF4YLNC6clNq4uXk2HpevSSkL6jLyot0t2WE/s640/1111.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Terminology is important. Especially in science and teaching </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">science</span>. Nowadays, there is a lot of confusion related to different forms of distributed education - </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>online</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>remote</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>virtual</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>. The last one is the worst - demonstrates virtual thinking. Because virtual learning is not learning - learning is either actual or fake.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A
recent piece “</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning">The
Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">” provides an
attempt to analyze the difference between the two forms of distribute
education.</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Essentially,
at first the authors describe general features of their version of online leaning:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYwnEJNiRfGcyyWwEq6qDqvaJDQqw_RUpRsPgKPYadBW75BTfPuvLDHo_jI3665-JdPNkgQdNIg3lX_1gcGY_DSc3bd_C8WVxJWZz80MoxUKG0drHqAZH24BfHXOsCov5tvoOHM4YQ9bM/s1600/33333.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1177" data-original-width="1433" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYwnEJNiRfGcyyWwEq6qDqvaJDQqw_RUpRsPgKPYadBW75BTfPuvLDHo_jI3665-JdPNkgQdNIg3lX_1gcGY_DSc3bd_C8WVxJWZz80MoxUKG0drHqAZH24BfHXOsCov5tvoOHM4YQ9bM/s640/33333.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">and
then state that an emergency remote teaching is “</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">to provide temporary access to instruction and instructional
supports in a manner that is quick to set up and is reliably available during
an emergency or crisis.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This difference only reflects the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">circumstances</i> of the teaching-learning process:
“online leaning” means the course has been developed during a long period of
time with all content and technological elements designed specifically for
being delivered via the Internet and then carefully tested before being
employed; “emergency remote teaching” means “we create an online course but we
do it in a hurry”, using the author’s terminology, it could have been called “emergency
online leaning”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">First, I would like to make some
notes:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The type of content delivery (modality) is
missing <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/classroom.html">the layered
classroom</a> format when at the same time some students are present in a
classroom, when others connect remotely, or study later.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNFArCOYyjsg9SWGSiUXTDRmgtceM0804E1ZPsL7O7g6PDT2HO4PZS6QB1q4g9WsdgpE_jjjEAaFr7h9gbSIIgP1dpLhm05FOH4FCaASQJtepWHHfk209WDRTkQZmvJ7qltHVIL_muZf0/s1600/layeared.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="680" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNFArCOYyjsg9SWGSiUXTDRmgtceM0804E1ZPsL7O7g6PDT2HO4PZS6QB1q4g9WsdgpE_jjjEAaFr7h9gbSIIgP1dpLhm05FOH4FCaASQJtepWHHfk209WDRTkQZmvJ7qltHVIL_muZf0/s640/layeared.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The time of the direct communication
between students and an instructor during the content delivery (instructor role
online) is missing the fact that “active instruction online” can have two
forms: active content delivery or active tutoring.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The type of the progress control (pacing) is
missing a group-paced option when a class is divided in groups (based on a
chosen criterion).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The type of student activities (student
role online) does not include direct communication with an instructor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The size of the class (student-instructor
ratio) is too formal - when 1000 students take the same online course
(developed by one person) calling it “a class” makes not much sense.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The amount of direct communication (online
communication synchrony) does not specify if that is student-instructor
communication of student-student communication.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The forms of teaching (pedagogy) represent a standard list - all those forms are not specific for online learning, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">and none of
those forms exists in a pure state, in reality it is always a combination.
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Source of feedback is less relevant than
the goal of feedback and has to serve that goal: goals may be set based on
different criteria, for example, based on the time line (from immediate - to
adjust a specific feature of a course, to the global - the end of the course).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Role
of online assessment is no different from the role of any assessment, so
technically is not the part of “online learning” per se.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">However, more importantly, the
difference between online learning and remote teaching is deeper than just “long-time
in preparation” v. “we need it now”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A “pure” online course is the course
where all students can perform all learning activities independently from any
other subject involved in the course (an instructor, or a student, or anyone
else), meaning that all essential learning activities are the same for every
student (they form the course), and every student is in the control of when to
participate in those activities. Secondary/complementary activities, like
tutoring, group collaboration, depend on the individual traits of a student (e.g.
the background). A student taking such a course in ideal circumstance should be
able to do it with no communication at all, without talking to anyone. The quality
of the course is based on the quality of the developed course content entities (hence,
on the expertise of the developers), and on the technologies used to organize student
learning process.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A “pure” remote course is essentially
a “on-site course without students in a room”, i.e. a course that is as close as
possible to an actual on-site course, but in which all students participate remotely.
A student taking such a course must participate in the same learning activities
as if he/she would be taking this course on a campus. The quality of the course
is based on the quality of the developed course content entities, the quality
of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the technologies used to organize student
learning process, <i>and</i> the quality of the instructions provided by an
instructor.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The main activities of an instructor
involved in an online course (“purity” is assumed) are focused on the
development (a) of content of the course – lecture modules, assignments, assessments,
laboratory activities </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">–</span> in the form appropriate for independent online
consumption; (b) of guidelines for students; (c) of tools for students to
follow the guidelines when working on the content. When the course has been
developed and tested the main activities of an instructor are tutoring and
assessing feedback.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The main activities of an instructor
involved in a remote course are (a) content development in the form appropriate
for live online consumption; (b) developing/testing/employing tools for live content delivery;
(c) delivering the content (a.k.a. teaching); (d) developing</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">/testing/employing</span> tools for live
communication with students; (e) developing guidelines for students.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, every actual course represents
a specific combination of those two “pure” forms, with one form may be
dominating over another one (an online course with elements of a remote course, or v.v.).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Education
Advancement Consulting</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There are many publications advising
how to teach remotely/online, for example:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/blogs/education-time-corona/hottest-job-higher-education-instructional-designer#.XqTEGtoSmMo.twitter">The Hottest Job in Higher Education</a>”</span></span> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">or </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://readtheory.org/50-tools-remote-distance-learning/">50+ Tools For
Remote and Distance Learning</a></span>”</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3HPkmvbUBpjbUTy04zxYC6Ynpt7FkUUenbXNMV-GivnNyVyLL7OPK57Zz2dQhTsM3O3FeWH0GqJJDdAm_OYiHSHw80HQJiOMYNmsJGK_bvZY0_QpH_YfHkCgPFHaCPB_3Li1dIuGGbSU/s1600/44444.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1171" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3HPkmvbUBpjbUTy04zxYC6Ynpt7FkUUenbXNMV-GivnNyVyLL7OPK57Zz2dQhTsM3O3FeWH0GqJJDdAm_OYiHSHw80HQJiOMYNmsJGK_bvZY0_QpH_YfHkCgPFHaCPB_3Li1dIuGGbSU/s640/44444.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-82575852155406046142020-04-03T19:14:00.003-04:002020-11-20T11:36:06.828-05:00Why Do People Have To Work?<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP371R0Mk_b-KKM6IZEIryCXA9EurYZc6hl-KNIqWg1iA69zEW44mHc5NExfj8ZiFnTyvtYuge7sC5qFahAaZcoU__tYDFLKFofk1sZTy7PfcyozdnXzHh_uj21GEXYuPnnu55QFa9rpY/s1600/animation+pics+033.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1442" data-original-width="1600" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP371R0Mk_b-KKM6IZEIryCXA9EurYZc6hl-KNIqWg1iA69zEW44mHc5NExfj8ZiFnTyvtYuge7sC5qFahAaZcoU__tYDFLKFofk1sZTy7PfcyozdnXzHh_uj21GEXYuPnnu55QFa9rpY/s640/animation+pics+033.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This post is a part of a series: the previous one is</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/03/ThinkBig.html">“In politics Thinking makes all the difference”</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">___ </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The coronavirus pandemic forces us to
reassess our answers to the fundamental question: “Why do people have to work?”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Due to social (meaning actual physical)
distancing and a severe economic circumstances millions of people have been
displaced from work and now the unemployment level has crossed 4 % and keeps climbing.
Millions of people have no prospect of going back to work any soon.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No doubt, that has brought a devastating
effect on millions of people because they have lost the source of their income
and no one can predict when they would be able to work again.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">There are also millions of people who
didn't suffer a job loss. Those people have not suffered devastating
consequences related to loss of income. Of course, those people may
experience a certain loss of comfort: e.g. they cannot go to a restaurant or
movie, but fundamentally their life did not suffer a severe quality loss.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In this situation the government stepped
in. People who lost their jobs are getting a support from government through <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">funds specifically created and delivered to
those people,</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>even though those
people do not provide any input into the economy.</u></b></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">So, why do people have to work if they can
be paid without working?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The standard answer is people have to work
to make money in order to have a living.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But now there is a clear and abundant
evidence that this is not a case.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But if the work is not for keeping people
alive, then what is it for?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The answer actually comes from people who
have a lot of money and hence who don't have to work at all but keep doing that.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">If you ask any rich working person why does
he/she work, the standard answer is “Because I like it, because it fulfills me,
it gives me a sense of purpose” and many similar. In one word the reason for
keeping working is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">self-realization</b>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Well, if we dig deeper we will also find
out that many of those people think of themselves as special. The believe that
they have special qualities that have allowed them to achieve their current
position when they can work just for self-realization. But other people could
not achieve the same social position because those other people did not have
required qualities. If you ask a rich self-realized person why do other people
have to work, the answer is to make money to sustain their living.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The world looks very simple form the point
of view of the rich self-realized people: there are they, and there are others.
They have special qualities and deserve social position that allows them not to
work, but they work anyway because they like it. Others have no such special
qualities and have to work to survive.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In a way, that is exactly correct – we live
in a two-tier society.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">There are three natural follow-up
questions: (1) why do we live in such a society, (2) what is the reason for someone
falls into one or another category , and (3) do we have to live in such society
forever?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The answers are:</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(1) This is just a historic tradition
based on the natural evolution of the human society.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(2) <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/truth.html">Luck</a>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(3) No.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The first answer does not need much of an
explanation beyond having a C+ in a history classes. Human society evolves, it
has evolved through many different social forms and now we all live in one of
those forms called “capitalism” (more specifically “<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/03/Facts.html">am abusive</a> <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html">greed-based</a> capitalism”,
or “<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/putin.html">monetary feudalism</a>”).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The second answer is also obvious, it you
think about it. Luck, good or bad, starts from parents who provide genetic
material and the initial culture (“an apply does not fall far from a tree”)
that surrounds a growing person for the most important period of his/her life –
the period of a brain development and a character formation (that may last from
~13 to ~22 years). There are also other important factors like the group of
friends, the quality of teachers (especially in the elementary school). There
is a <a href="https://translate.academic.ru/%D1%81%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F/ru/en/">saying</a>:
</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/03/Aicloning.html">Google AI</a> translation
is literal, hence wrong; the English analog is <a href="https://translate.academic.ru/tell%20me%20whom%20you%20live%20with%20and%20I%20will%20tell%20you%20who%20you%20are/ru/en/"><span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">tell</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">me</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">whom</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">you</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">live</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">with</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">and</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">I</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">will</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">tell</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">you</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">who</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">you</span></span>
<span class="w"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;">are</span></span></a>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The first years of growing up greatly
affect the <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/NeuroPhy.html">brain
development</a>, especially important <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html">the way children are being
taught</a>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A
brain is basically a thinking muscle. </span></b></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Like for every muscle in our body, the
development of brain is directly related to the exercises a brain has to
perform while developing. Everyone is focusing on the intensity of exercises – “practice
makes perfect”, “if you didn’t succeed first time try and try again”. But in
reality, the most important factor is the variety of the exercises.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">As I write in <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html">“Fundamental Laws of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">TeachOlogy</i>”</a>: “If the only exercise
students had been doing for 12 years is squats, they will not be good at
push-ups and pull-ups. Do not expect from students an ability to think if all
the had to do for 12 years was memorizing facts and rules”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And in <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/01/smart.html">“What Does It Mean To Be
Smart”</a> I write: “An ability to run has its own physiological basis - legs. An
ability to reason (including being smart), also has a specific physiological
basis - <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/massed2.html">a developed
brain</a>.” And in order to achieve a top social level one <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">must</i> have an ability to reason – with other people, because, as I
write in “<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/Curios.html">A Curios Case
of a Risky Entrepreneur”</a>: “The most important quality of every successful
entrepreneur is not his or her knowledge, technical skills, or even
intelligence, but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">communicability</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span>– an ability to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">convince</i> people in their ideas.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Unfortunately, nowadays there is only one
factors that decides who will be propelled to the top social level and who will
not – luck. Kids who are lucky to be born and grown up in the right conditions
have a high probability to get to the top, and will achieve the status when
they will not have to work for a living. And all other people, who do not have
such a good luck, who did not have either good parents, or friends, or teachers
(due to the lack of good en mass public education) are destine to work simply
to provide food to the table.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And anyone who believes that this system
is fair should stop reading this article.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">I, however, do not believe that social
stratification based on luck is a fair game.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And I believe that there is a better way
to structure a society. That is why the third answer is “No”.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The way people live is bound by the rules
people accept. Rules include laws, but also go beyond those. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Rules/laws are not given by gods, by
written, and rewritten, and then corrected, and then changed again – many many
times of the course of the human history – by people. Rules evolve, like
everything else. Hence, when people want to change the rules they can do that (that
includes the rules for changing rules).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Current economic rules/laws are based on certain
economic models.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">All existing or past economic models are
based on essentially the same premise - that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">in order to live a person must be need to other persons.</b></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">I am not talking about slavery, well, not
just about it. Slavery was pure representation of this principle. One person was
a property of another one, same as a hammer or a chandelier. Those times went
away (mostly). But the principle remains unchanged. The realization just has
become more subtle. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Now, in order to make a living one has to
be able to satisfy someone else’s needs for – well, something, anything:
cooking, delivering food, writing a code, etc.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If
one cannot do anything – one does not deserve to live.</span></b></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Naturally, a society was able to correct
this principle for certain categories of people – children, old people, sick people,
but as they say, exceptions only prove the rule.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If no
one needs anything from you - you are <u>worthless</u>.</span></b></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This is the cornerstone of all economic
models – past and current (including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory">MMT</a>).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This principle automatically favors people
who have been blessed with good luck. Due to good luck of being born and
grown up in right circumstances those people possess skills that make them useful
for other people. </span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If someone can be useful to one but a very rich person, or to
poor but many persons, that someone climbs up the social ladder.</span></b></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Otherwise, ... </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
_____________
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">To be cont. at <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/11/WhyWork.html">https://www.cognisity.how/2020/11/WhyWork.html</a><br /></span></div>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-4504435196263343762020-03-30T14:35:00.000-04:002020-07-18T16:56:23.598-04:00AI v. a kitten: or what is AI cloning?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdiRvH4geOghT6pq0UfxOiA_rs5T9XQWpCWw9g6uOxpPUZQ0XAVn1QIvKq_IuxUPjGrmrgfFrpCo_gZBmcm1btz6GxVytsqjvC6Ie1N6Y5m7Mg6kFFb-mVcpGUyStCNS3wSiHfcjpl7k/s1600/AI123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="1410" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdiRvH4geOghT6pq0UfxOiA_rs5T9XQWpCWw9g6uOxpPUZQ0XAVn1QIvKq_IuxUPjGrmrgfFrpCo_gZBmcm1btz6GxVytsqjvC6Ie1N6Y5m7Mg6kFFb-mVcpGUyStCNS3wSiHfcjpl7k/s640/AI123.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Some
time ago my niece <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>saved a little kitten.
She found him on the street and took home. Now he is a happy strong 6-month old
hunter. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The
other day he went into a yard and saw a bird on the ground. The moment he saw a
bird his whole posture immediately changed. He almost fell on the ground and started
slowly crawling toward the bird. His years were trembling; he was slowly gliding
along the ground; only his elbows were moving. Kind of like in this pictures.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlO08qjPz8UZ3gmo9gYkUKagz_TpuERkjumovahSTwhyphenhyphenJFSRcQ6hKNsF3h0nUWxzqsZ1IB_I46QekTx8FJpnITTuQZAjtuKGJGO349seHlN9l3Mzr-xiUnn_SUPrKcDx7MHsiyaY_5bGw/s1600/222.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="864" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlO08qjPz8UZ3gmo9gYkUKagz_TpuERkjumovahSTwhyphenhyphenJFSRcQ6hKNsF3h0nUWxzqsZ1IB_I46QekTx8FJpnITTuQZAjtuKGJGO349seHlN9l3Mzr-xiUnn_SUPrKcDx7MHsiyaY_5bGw/s640/222.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">How
did he know how to hunt?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">No
one taught him.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">He
was taken from his mother and left on a street when he was very little and
naturally my niece didn't teach this kitten how to do it.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">So
where does the hunting knowledge come from?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The answer
is obvious. That knowledge has been stored, built-in in his DNA code. The DNA
has the information, not just about the bones and muscles and how the body
grows and structures; but also the information about the behavior in specific
situations. There are actions that get ignited automatically because those reactions
are built-in in the DNA, and hence no one has to teach when and how to activate
those actions.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When
a kitten is born, his DNA is not a “tabula rasa”. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When
AI is “born” it is completely empty. People have to invent and then employ a specific
training protocol to teach AI how to do some specific task – one specific task,
like recognizing words, or recognizing pictures. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And when
one AI is trained to do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i>, there
is no way to just replicate this AI into another AI system. Another AI that
needs to do the same <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i> must be
trained from scratch. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">On
the contrary, if we would take a DNA from a kitten and cloned it the new kitten
would have the same “skills (i.e. reactions) the original kitten had.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">AI
has no DNA like that.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">No
one can clone AI. Every new functioning AI that has to function like already
functioning AI has to be trained from scratch.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">To
my best knowledge, no none in AI field is even working on cloning AI. No one works on </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>AI DNA</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span> that can be reproduced so the training for new AI system in the same field would not have to go from scratch. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The search
does not give anything on this.</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj55DohxB_KVyPkf6oqioabuyj8xWLqKhmKxb31L7bf2R2efphC3qjimkzh_amZVRlAsTjqDSfmGDKSj7u6HFUlwulHWrcs9HMFAZfyHgtFWssh9EHh_-cfhHDmlDhl7rTRRG7TmF2S46o/s1600/333.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1256" data-original-width="974" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj55DohxB_KVyPkf6oqioabuyj8xWLqKhmKxb31L7bf2R2efphC3qjimkzh_amZVRlAsTjqDSfmGDKSj7u6HFUlwulHWrcs9HMFAZfyHgtFWssh9EHh_-cfhHDmlDhl7rTRRG7TmF2S46o/s640/333.png" width="496" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVPVAbVwFixHci9a4WJA0n4z5ANnVSbpgr5iSF-oeR-Hfgs9ubQx5CGjKjF96f-3iRjwkjoLFV8qxph84EN6sI4vgd6rEy_c_TPbeitBoOYftRpnduzJUvKeBoytvJp6EoaEpYag7iKB8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-03-30+at+17.55.11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="860" height="608" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVPVAbVwFixHci9a4WJA0n4z5ANnVSbpgr5iSF-oeR-Hfgs9ubQx5CGjKjF96f-3iRjwkjoLFV8qxph84EN6sI4vgd6rEy_c_TPbeitBoOYftRpnduzJUvKeBoytvJp6EoaEpYag7iKB8/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-03-30+at+17.55.11.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">There
is a term “digital cloning” but it means using one specific AI to make copies
of digital objects (sounds, images).</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That is why using AI is too expensive.
Every new AI that needs to be used in the same field with the same functions (i.e.
image recognition) has to go through a long and extensive an expensive process
of training. The development of that process requires highly skilled
professionals. But even then many AI systems make mistakes or have some bias.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4Hsu81z_8ksKGo1AQhUnVFaG31zFPAPXzxq68y6cH5L1TYFtUFuhXv5whsyvVArZeVI3YoNUV6rEhq1o1jHHYizve1WGg98U8tPKqx9CmcaAMzRuCA2l0pLcp6Nea999GgDm2LWMRX8/s1600/555.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1093" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4Hsu81z_8ksKGo1AQhUnVFaG31zFPAPXzxq68y6cH5L1TYFtUFuhXv5whsyvVArZeVI3YoNUV6rEhq1o1jHHYizve1WGg98U8tPKqx9CmcaAMzRuCA2l0pLcp6Nea999GgDm2LWMRX8/s640/555.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That
is why anything your read about AI is <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html">GREATLY exaggerated</a>.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Things
will not change much until the invention and perfection of AI cloning, that
will eliminate the extensive training for AI working in similar fields.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But so far<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/aipuppies.html"> the field does not even have enough people</a> who can developed and execute an effective AI training.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">For
more on what is actually going on in AI field: <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html">https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html</a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></div>
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-63990053681037607392020-03-13T19:40:00.000-04:002020-03-21T23:21:20.059-04:00A complete Elementary Physics Course<span style="font-size: 22.0pt;">This page has been moved, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html">click here to jump to 51 lectures with corresponded notes and labs.</a> </span><br />
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div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-19043847872656797332020-02-06T13:58:00.003-05:002020-04-25T19:49:06.091-04:00How Americans Are Killing Their Own Progress<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiplxkVmRp5TwSDnk2dqU2HXBTHnneJcKBgjb4GByhSAH3PGjjcZ0dL1GRGiBKF0ayYMjaRvMokr_fdWIM-RRmR0PkbLC4j2divOrREwoV2gBLg63gMjqAbmhUb-MBow-WDg6hLy2BWrrE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-02-06+at+13.57.34.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="652" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiplxkVmRp5TwSDnk2dqU2HXBTHnneJcKBgjb4GByhSAH3PGjjcZ0dL1GRGiBKF0ayYMjaRvMokr_fdWIM-RRmR0PkbLC4j2divOrREwoV2gBLg63gMjqAbmhUb-MBow-WDg6hLy2BWrrE/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-02-06+at+13.57.34.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/03/Facts.html">America is in a dreadful state</a>. Has been for awhile. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">There is one psychological trait
millions of Americans share that greatly affects the American progress - in a highly
negative way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">That common psychological trait is a
hatred toward standards.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Economic and social progress is
impossible without standardization.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Standardization means a unification
of meanings and/or actions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">This process is always based on a gradual
building of a consensus (i.e. a standard of thinking) regarding what things or
words or symbols mean, or what steps or actions should be used for achieving a
specific (commonly accepted – as another consensus) goal, and in what order
those steps should be taken.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Without standardization (of the meaning
of sounds and symbols) there would be no languages, and no translations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Without standardization (of the
measure of a value) there would be no money, no currency, no currency exchange.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Standardization in science and
engineering has led to the development of metrology and to the designing of the
Hadron Collider and the MKS.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Standardization of actions has led
to the development of the conveyor belt, of the logistics, of the LASIK. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Every element of a human progress is
based on certain standardization.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">A hatred towards standardization leads
to a strong social force against progress.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And yet millions of Americans hate
standards.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">They hate this word, and they fight
this word every time they meet it, they hear it, they read it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Because every time when they meet it,
they hear it, they read it – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>they react
to it like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlov%27s_dog_(disambiguation)">Pavlov’s
dog</a> reacts to a whistle – i.e. without thinking.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The word “a standard” immediately
associates with rules, and rules are immediately associate with the “limits of my
freedom”. And Americans don't allow anyone to limit their freedom. </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>Don't tell me what to do! The Constitution allows me doing anything I want!</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">That, of course, is a complete
nonsense.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">America is the country that has been
known for the rule of law (at least until recently). The rule of law is what
every American is proud of and bragging about.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">By because many Americans are very
poorly educated, they simply cannot connect in their minds such concepts like “standards”,
“freedom”, “rules”, and “laws”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And American ruling elite knows that,
uses that for its own good, and makes sure it stays that way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">At least that part of the American
ruling elite that recently acquitted Donald Trump (they call themselves “conservatives”).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And as <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/dwmae.html">I've been writing before</a>,
the opposite part of the American ruling elite is simply not smart enough, and not
bold enough to offer any countermeasures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The hatred towards standards has
been and is being deliberately nurtured and propagated by a certain part of
American ruling elite (“conservatives”).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">This hatred towards standards helps
American ruling elite to divide and conquer American society.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Every time when a certain standard,
in a form of a regulation, is proposed, media controlled by so called “conservatives”
starts brainwashing the population.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">“We don't need that regulation,
proposed by the enemies of our liberty, who want to take our freedom of doing
wherever we want to do!”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And poor poorly educated Americans
fall for that trick again and again and again.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">They do not understand that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the abscess of standards is a standard.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">They do not understand that the
absence of a specific regulation only means that another regulation is being
applied (often – quietly, without an explicit indication). And those
regulations tend to favor the very people who regulate those standards and
regulations – the rich and already powerful.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The examples are numerous: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis">Flint, MI.</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://youtu.be/1Z1KLpf_7tU">The absence of reliable public transportation</a>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/us-students-continue-to-lag-behind-peers-in-east-asia-and-europe-in-reading-math-and-science-exams-show/2019/12/02/e9e3b37c-153d-11ea-9110-3b34ce1d92b1_story.html">Public
education</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And for example, a much simple example. Many apartment buildings in America are porous. If people in the apartment below yours smoke or cook you smell of that. That happens because when running vertical pipes and lines and ducts people who built the building did not put any anti-fume insulation between the floors. Why? The asnwer is GREED. They save money that way. But why can they do that? Because America has NO standards for fume-insulation. America has NO standards for air condition in living areas. Why? The asnwer is again the same - GREED (more on this in </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span><a href="http://Greed – the cancer of America that killed good management. ">Greed - the cancer of America</a></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">BTW: the absence of a common
ideology is also a fake. The common ideology all those “conservatives” share
and propel is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dogmatism</b>, usually in
a form of a religion (Protestantism or Catholicism). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States">top
religions in the U.S.A.</a> are:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Protestantism – 48.9 % of Americans;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Catholicism – 23 % of Americans;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/05/AntiAtheism.html">Atheism</a> – 18.2 %
of Americans.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Dogmatism demands taking “the elders”
by their word, no doubts, blind following. And that works well on poor poorly
educated Americans.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">So-called “progressives” tend to
administer “atheism”, but they do not really know what it is, they just reduce
it to <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/religion.html">“the absence of
God”</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, there is a reason that
the hatred towards standards is so widespread.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The #1 reason is the low educational
level of the masses. And there are two more fundamental reasons besides the
first one. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Those two reasons can be stated in
the form of two general laws:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">1) Any idea, any approach when it is
taken to its extreme becomes its own opposite.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">and</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">2) Any good idea can be compromised
by its poor implementation.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Simply saying – nothing is perfect,
not even a seemingly perfect idea (“communism”, “capitalism”, “paradise”); every
idea has its own limits, and beyond those limits it starts working against itself,
against its own idea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The idea of standards and
standardization has been taken to its extreme and was compromised by its poor
implementation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">In politics, taking the idea of standardization
to its extreme leads to a dictatorship.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">An example of a poor implementation
of standardization is the development and implementation of the <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/ccs.html">Common Core standards</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Such examples of “bad
standardization” are being used to smear the whole idea of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">It's like finding one bad apple and
saying – we have to dump the whole harvest!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is why the hatred towards
standards, rules, laws is dragging America down. It's like a chain on its feet.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">It builds a psychological barrier to developing
new social solutions to the challenges America faces.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The world, as well as the problems
and challenges, has become so much complicated, complex and interconnected that
many of those problems and challenges simply cannot be solved anymore on a
local level. They require global participation – <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/systems.html">systemic and systematic</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The evolution of every complex and
open system is, in a way, similar to the evolution from an amoeba to a human
body. This evolution is simply impossible without a certain processes of
standardization.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">For example – the development of a
standard code for encrypting all the information about a system (a body) in a
single molecule (BTW: a DNA).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And for a society, those standards
have a name – we call them “laws”.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">However, laws are only as good as
people who develop them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">And laws are only as effective as
people who decide to follow them.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">American individualism has become and America egoism: </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>I'm a considerate individual</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span> has become </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>I don't care about anybody else but me</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>.</span> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">When more and more people decide not
to follow laws – that really demonstrates that a society is approaching a phase-transition
state; it's not about people, it's about the fact that the current laws do not
satisfy anymore the majority of people, and, hence, have to be replaced, or at least
adjusted.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is the phase we are observing
now in America, and all around the world.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">In this phase, fighting against laws/regulations/standards
is simply not enough – it's not going to do any good. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">The fight needs to be for new laws/rules/regulations/standards.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">But the new laws/rules/regulations/standards
require new people who have a new vision, new knowledge, new capabilities and
new ideas, and so far <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html">these
people are simply absent</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is why, so far, Americans keep
killing their own progress.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">They do it by rejecting an idea of
standards (<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/taxcode.html">of living,
for example</a>), and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/07/3dparty.html">by
following the standard politics of the past</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Dr.
Valentin Voroshilov</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Note: an older short <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/noname.html">piece on progress</a>. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18.0pt;">A<a href="https://nypost.com/2020/04/23/airline-passenger-describes-flight-with-many-not-wearing-masks/"> good illustration of the point</a>: during the epidemic wearing a mask on an airplane must be a standard rule, but it isn't. </span></div>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-27218246125947733182020-01-02T16:13:00.003-05:002020-12-09T09:58:50.579-05:00Confessions of a Creative Brain<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A monitor for video communication should not be rectangular, it should be oval. Of course, there is a simpler, less cool, but equally effective design. You can find it if you read this post.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">________ </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A developed brain regularly generates ideas outside of
the direct interests of the host.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">That only happens into a human brain, because other animals
have no ideas (and they have no idea about that). For other animals their brain is a black box that receives signals
and generates reactions. Those animals are not aware of the processes happening
in their brains.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Humans is the only animal that can (after a certain training) be aware of the processes
happening in their brains. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No one is ever born with a developed brain. But everyone is born with potentially developed brain. Who eventually gets it developed (and often is called </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">smart</span>”</span>) depends on <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/01/smart.html">how much of a good luck one has</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In us, humans, most of the processes happening in
our brain, happen without our knowledge about them (exactly like in all other
animals). Unless we <i>deliberately</i> think about something, we are not aware of what
our brain is working on. Deliberate thinking is an exclusively human practice (e.g.
<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/06/think.html">The
Deliberate Thinking v. Digging a Trench</a></span> & <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/brain.html">The Importance of Early Exposure to Thinking</a>). As any human practice, it can
be trained to different levels of proficiency. As every human practice, it has
its own side-effects. One of such side-effects is ideas that come seemingly from
nowhere. There are <a href="https://blog.calm.com/blog/the-best-ideas-ever-inspired-by-sleep">many
stories</a> about people who came up with some important or unusual idea in
their sleep. There are books on the role of an insight in <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/insights-genius">science</a> or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/seeing-what-others-dont">business</a>.
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Every idea, every insight is the result of some
processes happening in our brain <i>without</i> our knowledge, but <i>then</i> brought to us
as a given statement – do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this</i>! Often,
when this happens we feel excitement – eureka! I got it! A brain uses this
emotion to tell us – pay attention to this statement, it’s important. It feels
like a click – something clicked in our mind, and a switch was flipped from the
state of confusion and frustration into a state of revelation and euphoria (that is why - like any other thing bringing the sense of pleasure - this feeling can lead to an addition, to the desire to have it again and again, and to a depression if that stopped happening). </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A note for
all educators</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">: this is what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all</i> student value <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the most</i> – not fun, not a relation to everyday life, not a grade – but
the feeling of excitement that comes together with “I got it! I did it!”. If your
students do not have that feeling – quit the job. Want to be a better teacher? <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Learn from the best</a>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Imagine that you were cooking in your sleep. You wake
up, and you see a dish, taste it - yummy! But you have no knowledge about how did it get here, no recollection of making it, and yet it
tastes great! This is what an insight is.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And exactly like in this example with cooking, an
insight needs <i>ingredients</i>. Babies do not have insights because their brain has
no information enough to </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>cook up</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span> something very new (plus, they are not <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/08/4AIs.html">intelligent</a> enough yet to express themselves in words). Their memory is not filled
yet with sufficient amount of facts (or even fake </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span></span>facts</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span></span>). When people grow up, their memory gets
filled with more and more facts (or fakes, perceived as facts). <b> </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>An insight –
any insight; every insight – is always based on a new combination of the
information pieces (“atoms” of our knowledge) <i>already </i>(i.e. previously) existing in a memory. </b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">An insight also can be
about information <i>missing</i> at this time – </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><i>this</i> is what I need to figure out</span>!”</span> But
that insight is <i>also</i> based on the information pieces (“atoms” of our knowledge) already existing
in the memory.</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> That is why (just an example, an illustration) asking an anesthesiologist what does he/she think
about a string theory metric tensor is useless (need further explanation? write a comment or send an email). </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Missing
information - <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">as an empty space in the network of existing connections</a> -
can only be recognized as such only because of the previously existing
connections! </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">When there is only nothing, there is not missing. </span> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span>Missing</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span> automatically means the existence of other things - the existence of </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span>something</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span>. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A note for
all educators</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">:</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> that is why only highly experienced teachers can prepare activities and successfully guide students when the task requires from them (students) <i>inventing/discovering</i> something they did not know before. And </span>that is why making
students to work in a group forcing them into solving a problem <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">before</i> they have learned all the
information necessary for solving that problem is also useless; waste of time
and effort; and the source of frustration – with the teacher, with the teaching
process, with the school, and with themselves (a little bit more on </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>group thinking</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span></span> <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html">in this post</a>). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">When we <i>deliberately</i> think about something, trying
to solve a problem, trying to figure out something about something, we set in
motion some processes in our brain that <u>continue to happen</u> even when we take a
break from our thinking. <b>We</b> stopped thinking about that thing, <b>our brain</b> did not. We do not think about it anymore, but our brain <i>does</i> –
without telling us about it. And then, when our brain makes some new
connections that makes sense for <i>it</i> (based on some internal criteria, like the
proximity to what we expected during our period of deliberate thinking), it
lets us know about the result. Click! An insight!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But a similar situation may happen also outside of the
focus of our immediate interests. We have hobbies. We listen to radio, watch TV
shows, read books. All that information accumulates and eventually may result
in an insight that is not related to any deliberate thinking within our
professional field. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This is what I call a side-effect of a functioning of
a developed brain (developed in terms of a large library of facts, and also in terms of the ability to manipulate with relatively large numbers of mental items/elements).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">During my professional life, I have collected many of
such side-effects. Many of the posts on this blog are such side-effects.
Sometimes, when I am stuck in a traffic, or swim in a pool, my mind is blank,
but my brain is working and brings me an idea. Like a bubble under water, it
moves to the surface of my consciousness, and grows to the size that does not
fit in the brain anymore. When that happens, I start writing. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Sometimes, I may even have an idea about a specific
device that I think could be useful for some people. But I do not want to
change my profession from a teacher to an inventor. And I also do not want to
let my idea to die in vain. So, I offer it to someone – usually to anyone/everyone.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">This is an example.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Many companies are working on the development of self-driving trucks. But they are doing that wrong. Using artificial intelligence to train any truck to drive along any possible route is not intelligent or practical. Most trucks drive along one or two specific routes. And that requires a specifically trained AI designated for one specific route – simpler, cheaper, and much more safe. But in terms of safety, in addition to driving on its own, every truck needs to have a drone capability. For each group of five-six trucks a company needs one remote “driver” who will be live observing the routs and can take over when he sees some difficulty or if an AI expects unexpected and send an alert.<br /> <br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">As I wrote in <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html">The
Biggest Fakes and Breakthroughs of The Next Decade</a></span>, since 2004 I
have been reaching out to hundreds of people, including <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/vision.html">venture capitalists</a>. For them I prepared
two short videos: <span style="color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“<a href="https://youtu.be/TdUMXOSjX9Q">Free
business ideas from Dr. Voroshilov: part 1</a>”, and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://youtu.be/zZ1m9fV0PNM">“Free
business ideas from Dr. Voroshilov: part 2”</a>. My latest attempt is described
in </span><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/Curios.html">Is the Cat
Worth Be Saved? or A Curious Case of a Risky Entrepreneur.</a> That time I sent
an email to MIT Media Lab and asked for a short meeting. Nothing happened. Then
Mr. Ito stepped down and I decided to try my luck again. I sent an email to <span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #202124;">Prof. Pattie Maes</span>. Her answer was
– the lab does not work with people outside the lab. Even though my whole point
was to try a new, pioneering, practice, as a matchmaker between people who have
an idea but do not want to pursue it (e.g. yours truly), and people who can
pick it up and lead to the development of a device. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In seventeen years of me
living in Boston and reaching all across the U.S., I have not met any person
who would be <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/talk.html">willing to take a risk</a> to “step out their element”. This <a href="https://youtu.be/HOA-DSDQt2I">YouTube conversation</a> between a smart-not-so-bad gay and an a very-smart-bad guy from the </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4270492/"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Billions</span></a>” captures the essence of the current state of </span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">risk management</span></span>” on all echelons of American enterprise. Taking a risk demands<i> at the minimum</i> an ability to see alternatives. Arrogance as </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“I'm so smart I know everything” blinds and the very foundation of risk-taking (the existence of alternatives) goes away. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html">After not taking actual risk for a long time this ability degrades and dies out</a>. No one wants to spend time on assessing the content of a message, everyone assesses the messenger - </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“if it's shiny, it must be gold</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">“<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/vision.html">Investing into
what you see right around a corner doesn't require a long vision<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (or even a long division).</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">An investor is like a person who keeps one foot in the
present (on a stable place) and uses another one to tap around to find the next
stable place to put the foot on it, and then repeats the process.<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In the previous quote, term “investor” describes any
person who thinks about how to invest his/her time to advance his/her personal or professional life. And not one from the hundreds of people who I reached out
in the last 15 years would take a risk.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Of course, the </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span>distanc</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">e</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span> from an idea, even a brilliant one, to the final product, may be very long. But nothing can happen without an idea. An idea is the seed for an invention, for a new practice. That seed, of course, has to be carefully planted and nourished, and there is no guarantee it will grow up into a beautiful </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>fruitful </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">tree</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”. But i can </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">guarantee</span> that if there will be no idea, </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">there will be no</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>fruitful </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">tree</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”. Period. And yet, no one wants to invest in an idea anymore. Too risky. It is much safer to look around, find a person who has already demonstrates a proven ability to deliver </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>success</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">” (money, publications, prestige, ...) and make that person a good offer. This is how all all American businesses currently operate - </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">business </span></span></span></span></span></span>businesses, financial </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">businesses, venture </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">businesses, education and science </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">businesses. No wonder <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/02/borders.html">the ratio of non-American in American </a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/02/borders.html">businesses constantly grows</a> - it is much simpler (and cheaper) to buy already ready </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span></span></span></span></span>business</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”</span></span></span></span></span></span>-men than investing in growing up </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“domestic innovatros</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">”.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/07/Lie.html">Taking risk is not easy</a>. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/08/fail.html">I know that</a>. I took a risk
when I won a Green Card and decided to drop my great professional career and
move to the U.S. – with no money, no English, no network. I believed in myself.
But I also had a very strong incentive – if I stayed, my son would have been drafted
in the Red Army. If that was not a case, I still would move, but I would be
scared more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">My experience demonstrates that America does not
provide anymore incentives to take risk to people who have already achieved some
stable status – in science, in economics, in philanthropy, in government, in
politics. I think this is one of the sources of the overall <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/losing.html">decline in American
prosperity</a>.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The idea I wanted to offer to the MIT has been brewing
in me since 2009 (ten years!). I knew I would never do anything about it. But I
wanted to hand it to people who could. And I failed. Twice. That is why I decided
to give it away into the open.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Here it is.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A human brain is an amazing
device. If a part of a brain gets damaged, it can rebuild itself in a way that
new parts of a brain may compensate functions that used be performed by the damaged
part (don't be lazy, google it). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">All it needs is (a) sensory inputs from the same sources that supplied those inputs to the damaged part </b>(or, as a <i>new</i> human organ - even from new type of sources)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">; but
(b) delivered to the healthy parts of a brain</b> (for the purpose of citation - <u>the Voroshilov's Principle of Brian Augmentation</u>). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Simple!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let’s say a person is
blind. Video signals can be acquired and processed using a camera and an
interface. That interface may be local, or may be wirelessly connected to a mainframe
computer. In any case, that interface transform video signals and delivers them
to a sensory patch attached to a large portion of a skin (e.g. on a back; but theoretically, can be anywhere, even inside of a body). The patch
induces sensations in the skin via a large number of point-sensors acting on a
skin at many different points. A point-sensor may use an electric signal (using
variable potential difference), or a pressure-signal (using small
electromagnets with a moving needle-like core). Of course, sensors/cameras/microphones can register and transform inputs from the spectrum outside of the regular human range (e.g. ultraviolet, ultrasonic, heat-sensor/infrared-</span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">registrant,</span></span> artificial </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“nose”, i.e. molecular registrant</span>). Coupled with <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html">brain-reading and brain-influencing</a> techniques we get a complete <b>brain-augmenting technology</b>. </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGJuVgNM0mgzTqio8s52LbJ_jg6Oksz9Ozm1fH6_oSW3v0DXegHZkv9KqHp86MS0eZh991bQ55MDCpcakPhZskKA-_Ir2nm6BYuEIZH-MYpjdZyhD_U1-IyOyEm2xRFlQ3nztdDTA8jmg/s1600/DARPA.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="781" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGJuVgNM0mgzTqio8s52LbJ_jg6Oksz9Ozm1fH6_oSW3v0DXegHZkv9KqHp86MS0eZh991bQ55MDCpcakPhZskKA-_Ir2nm6BYuEIZH-MYpjdZyhD_U1-IyOyEm2xRFlQ3nztdDTA8jmg/s640/DARPA.png" width="444" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">With the right
technological solution, and specifically designed training (this would be my
field of expertise, especially when the experiments move from mice/cats/dogs/dolphins/monkeys to humans), a blind person will eventually develop a sensation similar
to vision – of course, in a very rudimental form, but even that is better than nothing at all (do not believe? let's bet on it). </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The same approach can be
used to train solders or astronauts to “see” what they could not see otherwise
(an actual functioning </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">third eye</span>”</span> to see outside of the visible spectrum or </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> behind them</span>).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The same approach can be used
to develop, re-develop, or enhance human hearing, sniffing.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">I would expect DARPA would
be interested in this project, but my past attempts to reach out to DARPA also
failed. Which is not assuring, considering that DARPA supposed to lead
America in taking risks.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Good luck!</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">Dr.
Valentin Voroshilov</a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjU4IbkFBnKe1nwC8YoeiI1a1Nr6lLGQcjpcuWEyywej4F_m2bCH_e5w5SjFiJVRiwQkd5bmqPS4XU7bvgL7qO-cXMzCTMS_U48xNtC2b6izRsWv8wmSxTfzct6iqgpYcQ6llp2Oap5w/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-01-26+at+19.16.07.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1104" data-original-width="1198" height="588" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjU4IbkFBnKe1nwC8YoeiI1a1Nr6lLGQcjpcuWEyywej4F_m2bCH_e5w5SjFiJVRiwQkd5bmqPS4XU7bvgL7qO-cXMzCTMS_U48xNtC2b6izRsWv8wmSxTfzct6iqgpYcQ6llp2Oap5w/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-01-26+at+19.16.07.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>
</b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://iergo.xyz/">There are only five types of projects</a>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">1.
An idea that represents an expansion of already well-known practice. Scaling up
an activity that is already present. An example is <a href="https://thegroundtruthproject.org/">the GroundTruth project</a>. There
are places in America without local news – let’s install there a reporter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">2.
A modification of existing practice. For example, instead of lecturing
switching to a “flipped classroom” model.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">3.
Transferring existing practice from one technological platform to another. For
example, modification of teaching using the Internet (transition from no
technology to the use of technology), a combination of WWW and teaching; MOOCs (only
the first MOOC was an exception and fell into the 5<sup>th</sup> category).
Another example is transitioning from using coding algorithms to so-called AI.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">4.
Some combination of 1, 2 and 3.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">5.
A brand new original idea. It has no roots, no history, it does not grow from any
previous project, it is basically based on an insight. Hence, there are no
experts who could really assess the idea. “Experts” would divide between “this
is just crazy”, and “I cannot say it will work, but I cannot say it will not”.
The decision to support or not is based on a gut feeling, risk-taking ability,
and a personal attitude toward the applicant(s). A project is often based on an
idea of combining two already existing practices in a new non-existing yet. An
example is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.com">x.com</a> – an online
bank co-funded by Elon Musk, i.e. the combination of banking and WWW. In the
current environment such projects have no chance to get a support. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/newworld.html">Thetolerance for risk-taking is zero</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span>
</div>
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<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">P.S. </span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Which country was able to achieve a total
world domination?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The one that developed the first atomic
bomb? </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The one that developed the first hydrogen
bomb? </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The one that placed the first man in
cosmos? </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
The one that placed the first man on the Moon? </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">No.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
Future over-hyped technologies like <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html">“AI” with its various
applications</a>, augmented reality, controlled fusion, space travel, or else,
also will not be able to give a significant advantage to one country over
others (probably, for good). But there is <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/MassEd.html">one technology</a> that <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/massed2.html"><i>can</i> do that</a> -
the technology for unlocking human creativity en masse. This technology does
not yet exist, but <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/PILT.html">possible</a>.
And no country is working on it, just yet. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/Strategic.html">The one that starts the
first will have all the advantage.</a> <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/Strategic.html"><br />
</a> </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Clearly, no one at DARPA (and all other
places I tried to reach out) has ever read “<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20926398-noise-level">Noise Level” by
Raymond F. Jones (1952!).</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Note: this post is a part of the
series:</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/Strategic.html"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;">China v. The U.S.: The Battle Of Strategic
Thinking</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br />
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/nextdecade.html"><span style="color: blue;">The Biggest Fakes and Breakthroughs of The Next Decade</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/MassEd.html"><span style="color: blue;">The
Road To World Domination Lies Through Mass Education: Part I</span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/massed2.html"><span style="color: blue;">The Road To World Domination Lies Through Mass Education;
Part II</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1161" data-original-width="1600" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9c7-SgP5aoyCkgPs_bgIheEDYhe3uIj0kySjKs_ksOxy0FwO9EmoNVnEo7GWQ4GNt8IIoxKJ_mL9JgkBF6dm-sTCPd99w5VBpMqNmKKgaf2svpMgAL-VWxdEAIHIW8ME1CrbT0jWUij0/s640/path.png" width="640" /><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><b>NOTE:</b> A piece of history:</span> <a href="http://news.mit.edu/2005/laptops-1005">http://news.mit.edu/2005/laptops-1005</a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Does anyone remember today this highly over-hyped project?</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXPa4k0muSC9_eVQCElak1PUXQZBfdEICUlgfmZB6Q2jUcLOWARwIZiH3M77rmoIEf4krSDgcZLeDDZcNOXIFTSXiT_F-Bl_R8dSAi5H0F2AqFEa1FYedtb1G4OlXWBSXr8L4s6hcnzGo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-01-21+at+12.13.13.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="1046" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXPa4k0muSC9_eVQCElak1PUXQZBfdEICUlgfmZB6Q2jUcLOWARwIZiH3M77rmoIEf4krSDgcZLeDDZcNOXIFTSXiT_F-Bl_R8dSAi5H0F2AqFEa1FYedtb1G4OlXWBSXr8L4s6hcnzGo/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-01-21+at+12.13.13.png" width="526" /></a></div>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7tG_MDsTlmo7Z-Bm_qIUCQ8S3VwUkWXmuQI4Q7PWQiV2_UHsxUXlPDilH5jIyGuc2k7oYxr2ZCgpGr7d108BGvRE66mkefSa265EUPY62cWfNf3Ri645Ebl23UqAUHTAce_0l49Jtgw/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-01-21+at+12.14.05.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1262" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7tG_MDsTlmo7Z-Bm_qIUCQ8S3VwUkWXmuQI4Q7PWQiV2_UHsxUXlPDilH5jIyGuc2k7oYxr2ZCgpGr7d108BGvRE66mkefSa265EUPY62cWfNf3Ri645Ebl23UqAUHTAce_0l49Jtgw/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-01-21+at+12.14.05.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">For more information about the project, visit <a href="http://laptop.media.mit.edu/">laptop.media.mit.edu</a>.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Try this link! </span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b>Note</b>: this page</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/Utube.html">http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/Utube.html</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">provides links to some YouTube videos on different matters (most of my videos are my lectures, but some are on politics or whatever comes to mind).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">_____</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Well, you could just scroll down to find this version of the monitor.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjla4MT91sUIVMYiFac3IJtoVgXvjoA6C1FqMPSVsPkbU7zzmu1mPryY0kDYSJGTD8iJT6tI1W-ue6P9nBNw3Y0Nr7Yrc2PeMhq5jzggJdWWdzOAksSzAaYcXysSnw-vKHjj6C8j7DltG8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-04-21+at+23.17.51.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="1256" height="538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjla4MT91sUIVMYiFac3IJtoVgXvjoA6C1FqMPSVsPkbU7zzmu1mPryY0kDYSJGTD8iJT6tI1W-ue6P9nBNw3Y0Nr7Yrc2PeMhq5jzggJdWWdzOAksSzAaYcXysSnw-vKHjj6C8j7DltG8/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-04-21+at+23.17.51.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">My two cents in the discussion about virtual education.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">I wrote a lot about education, including the distant education. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">For example, check <br /><br /><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/07/teachremote.html" target="_blank">The future of education is impossible without a robust online component.</a><br /><br /><a href="I want you to know what I did last summer!" target="_blank">I want you to know what I did last summer!</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/08/teachinghunts.html" target="_blank">Getting ready for the fall semester? Here are some hints.</a><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/04/onlinevremote.html" target="_blank">The difference between online learning and online teaching.</a> <br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">More on <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/strategies.html" target="_blank">this page</a>.<br /><br />Here I want to point out at the useless but very active discussion how to effectively use Zoom for teaching. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The answer is - <b>you CANNOT </b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">effectively use Zoom for teaching. </span></span></span></span></span></span></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />Zoom, Skype, WebEx, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, or any other meeting software will never be good for teaching.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Of course, to understand and accept that, one needs to know what teaching is and is about.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">In American culture, including the top educators, researchers and administrators teaching is not different from animal training, from training circus animals doing tricks.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">BTW: one of the reasons </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">for <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/math.html" target="_blank">No sign for improving math education soon.</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">If teaching would have been pouring knowledge from a "knowledge storage" (a.k.a. a teacher) into an empty vessel (a.k.a a student) then Zoom would be sufficient. But teaching is not that. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">E.g.:</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/11/method.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">What is Teaching?</span></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A handbook for a science teacher.</span></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Teaching is the process of helping learners to learn. And learning is based on communication. If one-on-one communication would have been possible, then, again, Zoom would be fine. But that is not a case. Teaching requires an effective group communication. That requires a an ability to organize, manage and monitor communication between students. That requires s completely different technological instrument. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">A teacher needs to be able to see and not just all students, but the work of every (any!) student (and of course communicate with any student). And a teacher needs to be able to create and re-create collaborative groups and observe the group work and participate in that work. And this is just the bare minimum any teaching collaborative technology must do. Ideally, students should feel immersed in the same learning environment, and that means - use virtual reality. The need to do laboratory experiments brings even more demands to an effective distant teaching-and-leaning technology. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">To my best knowledge, there is no company or a startup trying to develop that technology.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Hence, distant teaching sucks, and will continue to suck for years ahead.<br /></span></span></span></div></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-31931680901443164852019-12-31T17:54:00.000-05:002020-04-07T17:28:45.391-04:00The Biggest Fakes and Breakthroughs of The Next Decade.<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSbUE6hNQZWyOKQaiImZaG06s0K0nyN8yC3K1rtSChGRQ8CKDrvr7wuzJb_wUkNaDz1eMml6cbxqxuWWJHIiyGhNkpb8c7338lFIF_QfqqxkSDs8wYNj0UtmrGV5aI1Dh3IAOtbz-oak/s1600/fakenews.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="937" data-original-width="1138" height="526" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSbUE6hNQZWyOKQaiImZaG06s0K0nyN8yC3K1rtSChGRQ8CKDrvr7wuzJb_wUkNaDz1eMml6cbxqxuWWJHIiyGhNkpb8c7338lFIF_QfqqxkSDs8wYNj0UtmrGV5aI1Dh3IAOtbz-oak/s640/fakenews.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The biggest fakes.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. Artificial
Intelligence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There is nothing
really intelligent about it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I have written
numerous papers on the matter and address everyone to <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html">this page</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">What “AI”
represents and will be representing for a long time ahead is an advanced
pattern-recognition system with limited ability to self-adjustment. Nothing
more. It’s not a trivial matter, but it is not going to get close to human
intelligence any soon. Of course, AI-called systems will penetrate many
different practices, because they can significantly speed up any
pattern-recognition process. But that’s that. Writers who write about AI do not
even have a definition of intelligence (<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/AIdef.html">I do</a>). They do not even
know the difference between “a definition” and “a description”. The core of intelligence is not pattern recognition but imagination (google - </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Einstein on intelligence</span>”</span>), because imagination is the source of creativity (e.g. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/DARPA.html">Confessions of a Creative Brain</a>). The only option
for a breakthrough in the field of actual artificial intelligence is to
initiate a deep and targeted research into human intelligence, its functioning,
its structure. But that would mean hiring people who have a deep knowledge in
the field of human intelligence; how it functions, how it is developed. But
that would need people who (a) have the access to top level of decision making,
and (b) already have such knowledge. It will take another decade to have that
people at those levels, hence – a decade of faking is upon of us.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Naturally, media tells a very different stories. It's because people in the field use a very powerful tool </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">– <b>reduction/reducing</b>. They say </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">artificial intelligence</span></span>”</span> but then ignore the true meaning of intelligence (<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/AIdef.html">because they do not know it</a>) and reduce intelligence to pattern recognition and then say - we can do that. They say </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">machine leaning</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">” </span></span></span>but then ignore the true meaning of learning (<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/07/Lie.html">because they do not know it</a>) and reduce learning to animal training and then say - we can do that. </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">They
say </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">data science<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span></span></span></span> but then ignore the true meaning of science
(b<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/08/fail.html">ecause they do not know it</a>) and reduce </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">science</span></span></span></span> to statistical analysis of correlations and then say - we can do that. Many of the methods for correlation analysis have been around for decades and well used in many fields beyond statistics (e.g. <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/proposal.html">physics</a>). All developed sciences are based on the detailed analysis of a vast amount of data and use the same method of reasoning - a <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/thinkphy.html">scientific method of thinking</a>. Data science requires first and foremost an ability to apply that method for establishing a <i>strategy</i> for the future search of relevant/important correlations. And only <i>then</i> apply a specific statistical method. It's like <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/12/cyber.html">coding</a> - first a coder needs to establish a set of actions (in a from of commands), and <i>then</i> to choose a programming language and apply it (of course, an experienced coder does it almost at the same time). But media do not tell public about all this. Media just fakes the level of achievements in all those fields.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. Educational
Technologies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Computers,
tablets, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/01/smart.html">smart</a>-phones, the Internet, MOOCs, online home-work systems, online
lab systems, etc. – you name it. They all have failed to make any visible difference in
education (except making tons of money for some players), and will be failing again and again. Granted, above the K12 level some technologies brought some convenience to some students. But that's that. Technologies have failed for K12 schools. Imagine bringing in a
kindergarten the most advanced computers and just giving them to kids saying - learn! If you expect
the kids would really benefit from that – you have no idea what learning is,
and how it happens. But in this example, computers represent all technologies
that are being pushed on to teachers, and kids represent teachers. Not all of
them but the vast majority. <b>In order to be able to use any technology
effectively, a teacher has to be good at teaching in the first place.</b> Otherwise
no technology will make any difference. Of course, if we had robots as smart as
good teachers, that would allow to replace bad teachers with machines. But this
is not going to happen any soon (see the first fake). Hence, the only way
technologies will make any difference if – first and foremost – schools will be
getting lots and lots of good teachers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Some additional
publications on the matter:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: #954f72; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/04/edtech.html">Why Do
Many EdTech Startups Fail? Really!</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/endCZI.html">The Beginning of The End
of The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/vision.html">Vision v. Imagination: what
does a venture capitalist use?</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/EdTech.html">Ed + Tech = ??</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">3. Education
Reform.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Reforming education has come to it’s failing end. EdReform is dead! Hail
to EdReform! Naturally, politicians, the government, the NSF will revile very
soon a new approach to reforming education. And that will be a fake. America
simply does not have yet enough people who understand what education is and how
should it function, hence have a sense of the change required by <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/paradigm.html">the new paradigm</a>. The Department of Education is not responsible for
reforming schools, it is responsible for establishing stable functioning.
Reformation is the duty of the NSF. As I pointed out in <span style="color: #152db7;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2016/12/NSF.html">How much of
the NSF funded fundamental scientific educational research is really
fundamental?</a></span> and <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/NSF2026.html">Publicity v. The Mission;
a tough decision For The NSF.</a>, the NSF does not have people who are capable
to envision bold approaches and approve ideas that do not fall into work of
already existing groups. For decades every single “innovator” was advocating
for an “evidence-based approach” to reforming education. What they all really meant,
though, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">our</i> evidence-based”. Since
the end of the WWII America was draining the brains from all over the
world in science and technology, but not in education. Even after <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/john-f-kennedy-speeches/baltimore-md-19580218">JFK's talks</a> about <a href="https://youtu.be/1JkCsmDtKSg">education</a>, CIA would steal secrets of the latest Russian missile, but no one wanted and still wants to “steal” the latest math and physics textbooks (and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/math.html">here is the result</a>). </span></h3>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Take
physics, for example. If an experiment is done in one country, physicists in
other countries do not reject it because of the territorial difference. In
education there is plenty of evidence coming from Russia, China, Finland and
many other countries for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">what works in
education</i>. But American “scientists” (in the field of education) simply ignore all that data. Despite
the fact that all human are equally human independently of the place of living.
And will keep ignoring, because that is the only way for them to defend their
own turf, and to keep all those grant money (millions of dollars) they use to
do the “research”, that is absolutely trivial (as described in <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Mazur.html">this paper</a>), and does
not make any impact. American “scientists” (in the field of education) do not even know what “science” is.
If they did, they would follow the scientific method of reasoning, including
“deriving from the first principles”. Take physics, again. No one needs to
perform more experiments with weights and springs to prove the second Newton’s
law – that law now is the first principle, and is used to arrive at other
conclusions about mechanical systems. Humans (in all countries) function
according to the same physiological and psychological laws. Imagine an
experiment with two groups of people who have similar physical abilities. For a
month, one group will exercise both arms, and another just a left one. If in a
month we measure the strength of the people’s arms – what do you expect to observe?
The answer is trivial. And does NOT require conducting of an actual experiment,
because it is based on a simple fundamental principle – when a muscle is being
exercised, it gets stronger, otherwise it is not (or even gets atrophic). The
same principle (that I've been <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">successfully</a> using in my classes for more than twenty years) describes a brain development. In education, it leads to a
simple rule – when a learner is immersed in a learning process learning
happens; the absence of learning is an indicator of the absence of a learning
process. Period. There are <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/handbook.html">many similar rules</a>
that do not require exhausting specific experimentation – they require mass
implementation (using a specific strategy, called <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2016/10/facilitating.html">Professional
Designing for Teachers</a></span>). The knowledge and the use of those
fundamental principles makes the vast amount of the NSF “research” in education
useless. But no one will ever confirm this as a fact. For at least two decades the “reform” was based on the </span></h3>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“idea” that schools are factories with assembly lines, and teachers are workers who have to be punished for every mistake and paid extra for something that reformers did not even know <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">how to assess</a>. But when Henry Ford developed his assembly line, he did not just open doors to workers and told - go, figure out how it works. No, he trained them. American teachers are badly trained, en masse. There is virtually no system of teacher professional development. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/profdev.html">It could exists</a>, but no one wants it. Because if smart, educated, <i>and</i> powerful people would wanted it, it would exist already (another example of reasoning from the first principle). There is a specific governmental
unit that is responsible for technological breakthroughs to keep America ahead
of the world – DARPA. I have been advocating for such an “agency” in the field
of education – since 2004 (<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/11/PILT.html">Perimeter Institute for
Learning and Teaching (PILT): the future of the future of education reform.</a></span>).
In fact, since 2004 (when my English became OK) I have been reaching out to <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/debt.html">politicians</a>, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/profdev.html">officials</a>, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/paradigm.html">educators</a>, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/07/seven.html">philanthropists</a>, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/vision.html">venture capitalists</a>, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/NSF2026.html">the NSF</a>, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/the-full-list-of-posts.html">altogether
hundreds of people</a>, not once I was able to elicit any <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/talk.html">response</a>. From about
40,000 American visitors (from total of more than 87,000) of <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/">my blog</a> no one found anything interesting
to write a logical response to any conclusion, project, proposal. Despite the fact that the vast majority of my
publications offer more than just a critical analysis of the issues, but also <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">specific steps</i> to resolve them. No one reflects on the logic of the
publication; everyone dismisses it based on a simple fact – the author has no
name. With this level of anti-curiosity and self-absorbedness the next stage of
“reforming” will be just a next stage of fighting for the slice of the money-pie.
And there will be no help from philanthropy. As I described in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/07/seven.html">Seven Reasons Why Rich
Philanthropists Fail at Making Systemic Changes in Education</a>,
philanthropists like surrounding themselves with the people who like them. So,
no room for “the team of rivals”, no competition of ideas. Till these days, philanthropy
has never spurred any innovation. The best it can do is to preserve the status
quo. Hence – stagnation. And the last possible force,
venture capital, will not be able to make the turn in EdReform. As I described (in
part) in <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/04/AIforEDU.html">“Will
Artificial Intelligence Save, Replace or even Affect Education Practices? (a
venture capitalist’s view)”</a>, those people so strongly believe in their own
powers, so they are absolutely convinced that their primitive view on education is
the only way to approach education. My long-term experiment demonstrates that,
although America has individuals who truly want improve mass education, she
does not have people who want to do that. People (who belong to different
social circles) want participate in continuous endless improvement of
education. The end game does not interest anyone.</span></h3>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Maslow pyramid is a good working model that explains a lot. Nowadays working in STEM may become very profitable for people who know the right people and say the right words. Doing the right things is not required. Money goes not to one who makes STEM better, but to one who promises(!) to make STEM better in the future. Without real <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">measurability</a> accountability is a fiction. So, the main criterion for support is the name, the list of citations, and a new intriguing term (forget STEM, let’s erase any differences and do STEAM!). </span></h3>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In reality, these days, we do not need new ideas on how to teach - we need to ensure broad and effective implementation of ideas that have been known for decades. But things will not change any soon, because the NSF likes the things the way they are. </span></h3>
<h3 style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">“I am very good at teaching</a>,
I can teach more students”. <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2017/07/Lie.html">“Thanks,
but, no, thanks.”</a> “<a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/10/facilitating.html">I have a unique
experience that I can offer to help instructors and teachers teach better</a>”.
“<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/03/talk.html">Thanks, but, no, thanks</a>.”
This way of <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/04/Management.html">management</a>
is <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/03/conformity.html">everywhere in
education</a> – <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/03/sloppy.html">all
areas</a>, <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/dejavu.html">all levels</a>. For the next decade.</span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">4. American
Democracy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Vast majority of
Americans believe that “voting” is an equivalent of “democracy”. Of course,
educated Americans know the difference, but the number of those people have
been gradually decreasing for the last 30 years. The result is that three
pillars of democracy – separation of powers (a.k.a. check and balances), free
speech, and the rule of law – have been significantly corrupted. This corruption
demonstrates the fact that American is in the stage of the elite change: <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/08/dwmae.html">the old elites have
degraded</a> and have become out of touch with the reality, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/votetrump.html">the new elite does not
yet exist</a>, it is just in the process of being created. America is entering
the period of ethnic battles; <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/07/fox.html">people on the conservative
side have been preparing this for a long time</a>, and now use all options to
install their supporters to as many official places as possible (e.g. the
judges who will not use their power to uphold the law, but will use the law to
increase the power of the social group they belong to). America has now its own
“state media” (e.g. FOX), and social media only strengthen that type of
influence leading to further clusterization of American society. That will lead
to even stronger polarization. The period of political and social chaos (plus
the market crash in 2021/22) inevitably leads to the further weakening of
democratic institutions and <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/11/systems.html">strengthening
authoritarian tendencies</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The biggest breakthroughs.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. Ability to grow
and regenerate biological tissues and organs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. Ability to
interpret electric impulses of a mind (“mind reading”). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">3. Ability to use
electromagnetic waves/beams to induce different states of mind. Combined with #2 it brings an ability to share states of mind directly between individuals.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">4. Developing of a
vast database of correlations between different teaching and learning actions
and outcomes (the strategy for such approach is described <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/09/proposal.html">here</a>). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">5. <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/DARPA.html">Brain Augmenting Technologies </a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Note: this post is a part of the
series:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/12/Strategic.html"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 18.0pt;">China v. The U.S.: The Battle Of Strategic
Thinking</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2020/01/DARPA.html"><span style="color: blue;">Confessions
of a Creative Brain</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/MassEd.html"><span style="color: blue;">The
Road To World Domination Lies Through Mass Education: Part I</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/11/massed2.html"><span style="color: blue;">The Road To World Domination Lies Through Mass Education;
Part II</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9c7-SgP5aoyCkgPs_bgIheEDYhe3uIj0kySjKs_ksOxy0FwO9EmoNVnEo7GWQ4GNt8IIoxKJ_mL9JgkBF6dm-sTCPd99w5VBpMqNmKKgaf2svpMgAL-VWxdEAIHIW8ME1CrbT0jWUij0/s1600/path.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1161" data-original-width="1600" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9c7-SgP5aoyCkgPs_bgIheEDYhe3uIj0kySjKs_ksOxy0FwO9EmoNVnEo7GWQ4GNt8IIoxKJ_mL9JgkBF6dm-sTCPd99w5VBpMqNmKKgaf2svpMgAL-VWxdEAIHIW8ME1CrbT0jWUij0/s640/path.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-29698573406643784282019-10-14T12:41:00.002-04:002022-10-06T05:53:31.953-04:00Can an electron travel through two slits at the same time?<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Can an electron travel through two slits
at the same time?</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNQRoCnlxmWaJhIwGir-dad2PToqQa5yaih8wvdDEDOEU-qTX8nx9czHqEc9N1L29pmkQgzRUNcpogLNEhv5EMfwSm3c7wz7Yy5a_Vr4GqbOO13k-93lK7-MOqqe3bb1jxKYOUBOztlao/s1600/Picture1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="974" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNQRoCnlxmWaJhIwGir-dad2PToqQa5yaih8wvdDEDOEU-qTX8nx9czHqEc9N1L29pmkQgzRUNcpogLNEhv5EMfwSm3c7wz7Yy5a_Vr4GqbOO13k-93lK7-MOqqe3bb1jxKYOUBOztlao/s640/Picture1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A shorter version of this article is also published at <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336532305_Can_an_electron_travel_through_two_slits_at_the_same_time">researchgate.net</a> (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17355.34080) and <a href="https://www.academia.edu/s/1cf2dbc020/can-an-electron-travel-through-two-slits-at-the-same-time">academia.edu</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let’s go straight to the source! </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In his lectures <b>Richard Feynman</b> described a thought experiment with <b>electrons traveling through two holes </b></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_01.html#Ch1-S4">http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_01.html#Ch1-S4</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This experiment has been realized
later by different teams, e.g. “Demonstration of single-electron buildup of an
interference pattern” / A. Tonomura, J. Endo, T. Matsuda, T. Kawasaki, and H.
Ezawa / American Journal of Physics 57, 117 (1989); doi: 10.1119/1.16104 (view
online: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16104">https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16104</a>)</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">All those experiments were used to support
a “classical” interpretation of its results, i.e. “a single electron can pass
through both of the slits” (A. Tonomura et al., 1989).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let us analyze what the author of the
experiment thought on this matter.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Feynman stated that electrons are
registered in “lumps”. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Then he stated: “<i>Proposition A:</i>
Each electron <i>either</i> goes through hole 1 <i>or</i> it goes through
hole 2.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Then he arrived at: “For electrons: <i>P</i>12
≠ <i>P</i>1+<i>P</i>2.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And then he finishes: “… since the number
that arrives at a particular point is <i>not</i> equal to the number that
arrives through 1 plus the number that arrives through 2, as we would
have concluded from Proposition A, undoubtedly we should conclude that <i>Proposition A
is false</i>. It is <i>not</i> true that the electrons go <i>either</i> through
hole 1 or hole 2.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And yet, in the next chapter </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<a href="http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_03.html"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_03.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">he writes (all bold fonts are mine, not
Feynman’s):</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">1. “when there are <b>two ways for the
particle </b>to reach the detector, the resulting probability is not the sum of
the two probabilities”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">2. “When a <b>particle</b> can reach a
given state <b>by two possible routes, </b>the total amplitude for the process
is the <i>sum of the amplitudes</i> for the two routes considered separately.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">3. “we are going to suppose that the holes
1 and 2 are small enough that when we say <b>an electron goes through the
hole</b>, we don’t have to discuss which part of the hole.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">4. “the amplitude for the process in which
the electron reaches the detector at <i>x</i> <b>by way of hole 1</b>”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">5. “the amplitude to go from <i>s</i>
to <i>x</i> <b>by way of hole 1</b> is equal to”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">6. “<b>The electron goes from <i>s</i>
to 1 and then from 1 to <i>x</i></b>.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">7. “The electron can <b>go through
hole 1</b>, then <b>through hole <i>a</i></b>, and then to <i>x</i>;
or it could go <b>through hole 1</b>, then <b>through hole <i>b</i></b>,
and then to <i>x</i>; and so on.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">8. “amplitude that <b>an electron going
through slit 2</b> will scatter a photon”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">9. “the amplitude that <b>an electron goes
via slit 2</b> <i>and</i> scatters a photon”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">10. “two factors: first, that <b>the
electron went through a hole</b>, and second”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">11. “when <b>an electron passes through
hole 2</b>”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">12. “when <b>the electron passes through
hole 1</b>”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Theses twelve quotes (the lectures have more similar statements)
clearly show that </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Feynman</span> believed that an electron <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">could</b> travel through one hole/slit, or
through another one, but he <b><i>never</i></b> considered an electron
traveling through <b><i>both</i></b> holes at <b><i>the same</i></b> time; he
never made that statement.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">He wrote, for instance: “the probability
of <b>arrival through</b> both holes”. But “arrival through” is not the same as
“traveling through both at the same time”; it means rather “arrival </span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">through</span> a
screen with two holes”.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">The whole idea of a path integral is
based on the assumption is that <u>an electron is always located somewhere,
i.e. it is always localized</u>, </span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">because
it is always traveling <b>through <i>this</i> point</b> and then <i>this</i>,
and then <i>this</i>, etc.<b> <span style="color: red;">A <u>path does <i>not</i>
split</u>, there are no forks </span></b><span style="color: black;">(even when a
particle circles back making a loop the time keeps running ahead and on each
path a particle is always located at one place at a time)</span><b><span style="color: red;">, hence, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">there are no
instances when an electron is located at to places at the same time.</i></span></b></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A path integral was a brilliant idea of a
genius: just assign an amplitude to each possible path and add them up! So
obvious! <i>After</i> you learn it. That is what many physicists feel - it's
natural, and do not think about implications to the fundamentals of quantum
mechanics, including the <i>interpretation</i> of the w<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ave-particle duality.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> And the genius of Feynman was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i>
inventing paths, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assigning <u>an
amplitude</u></i> to each one. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A simple toy with small balls running down a set of
pins represents a good model for paths and a path integral. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixpXTxdqYOc5hrXeHjjeyR5sUrZodLX-aSCQqCWZN4rbtBbtwG0q4ar96d_7Zdlb3mBPEU6_DeJfX1XUe6fXL26gtFEA0jelfL60jW-GVFh42QREXnz1yc4uHYSqvBvScPbDLGECRJmsQ/s1600/Picture2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1243" data-original-width="974" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixpXTxdqYOc5hrXeHjjeyR5sUrZodLX-aSCQqCWZN4rbtBbtwG0q4ar96d_7Zdlb3mBPEU6_DeJfX1XUe6fXL26gtFEA0jelfL60jW-GVFh42QREXnz1yc4uHYSqvBvScPbDLGECRJmsQ/s640/Picture2.png" width="500" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">When a ball drops through a
spout, its trajectory through the board is unpredictable. For each trajectory that
begins at point A and ends at point B, there is a probability that a ball will
travel exactly along that trajectory. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The key words is “probability”.
Feynman realized that in the quantum world we can use the same picture, but
instead of a probability we have to use a probability amplitude. The one who
will explain – why? – deserves the Nobel Prize.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 18pt;">Let us
return to our main topic. As we see, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the
idea of a path integral is based on the assumption is that <u>an electron is
always located somewhere, i.e. it is always localized</u>, </span>and<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, hence, there are no instances when an
electron is located at to places at the same time.</span></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This seems contradicts Feynman’s own
conclusion about Proposition A.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">He wrote: “is <i>not true</i> that the
lumps go either through hole 1 or hole 2, because if they did, the
probabilities should add”. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But later, as I proved using his own words,
in his further analysis he was fine with an electron traveling through one
whole or another. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">So, what did he really mean?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">I believe, when Feynman stated his
Proposition A, he simply did not do it as accurate as he should have done. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">He should have said: “<i>Proposition A:</i>
Each electron <i>either</i> goes through hole 1 <i>or</i> it goes through
hole 2 <b>– in a classical sense</b>”. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this</i>
statement <i>is</i> false. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Based on the next chapter (experiments
with light), we understand that when he said: “It is <i>not</i> true that the
electrons go <i>either</i> through hole 1 or hole 2 ”, he meant “It
is <i>not</i> true that <b>we are always able to know if </b>the electrons go <i>either</i>
through hole 1 or hole 2 - <b>unless the interference between the two
paths is destroyed</b>”.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Because later he told us that an electron <i>does</i>
go through hole 1 <i>or</i> it goes through hole 2 – however, in a
different, non-classical sense, with the use amplitudes instead of
probabilities.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Feynman wrote a lot. For example, this is what he wrote in "QED: the strange theory of light and matter".</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVbOLy8SuN17QVkPKxoVitEBJNPDfvDIOXtUrJ4ftCWaId4cCZR4uM6DUnTKEULyRLIr2nq_mnR1SRIGVK0vw7Om2ZHY9Ay1Svwqc_yy3yN2FnM0GRgOYmrSbeYt3uoWdoh4rOAI8aCQ/s1600/20191225_090729.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="1559" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVbOLy8SuN17QVkPKxoVitEBJNPDfvDIOXtUrJ4ftCWaId4cCZR4uM6DUnTKEULyRLIr2nq_mnR1SRIGVK0vw7Om2ZHY9Ay1Svwqc_yy3yN2FnM0GRgOYmrSbeYt3uoWdoh4rOAI8aCQ/s640/20191225_090729.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">He states that we - everyone in physics - know that light is made of particles, and proves it. And his reasoning is identical to the one about electrons or any other quantum particle. So, there is NO question about the structure of matter - it is made of particles. And a particle can travel only through one hole at a time. And he also called "wave-particle duality" as a "state of confusion". </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4li-EzPSIsVo6M7Ows2W9nmCgZQBaJ6_PIToKBBiMrlrGuzA0PxJRsjhIWb0lN5j8wwRuLzchvH9_c0sjlzzGluQ8Whmc1AnT5jzw2wwv9xV5hT3zZSwQjzAOaPxsVPuCtD_-VNUKoQ/s1600/20191225_102221.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="494" data-original-width="1600" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4li-EzPSIsVo6M7Ows2W9nmCgZQBaJ6_PIToKBBiMrlrGuzA0PxJRsjhIWb0lN5j8wwRuLzchvH9_c0sjlzzGluQ8Whmc1AnT5jzw2wwv9xV5hT3zZSwQjzAOaPxsVPuCtD_-VNUKoQ/s640/20191225_102221.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">An article after an article, a book after a book demonstrate that a lot of people writing about quantum mechanics still remain in that state.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">If we accept that an electron can travel
through a hole – through only one hole, it is not clear yet from Feynman’s
discussion what is really happening in a two-hole experiment when no one is
watching where exactly an electron gets through the screen?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Naturally, many other physicists jumped on
this thought experiment and discussed it in great details in their books.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">For example, J. D. Cresser writes (2009; </span><a href="http://physics.mq.edu.au/~jcresser/Phys301/Chapters/Chapter4.pdf"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">http://physics.mq.edu.au/~jcresser/Phys301/Chapters/Chapter4.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;">; in the following quotes, all bold fonts are mine):<br />
“If electrons are particles, like bullets, then it seems clear that the
electrons go either through slit 1orthrough slit 2, because that is what
particles would do. The behavior of the electrons going through slit 1 should
then not be affected by whether slit 2 is opened or closed as those electrons
would go nowhere near slit 2. In other words, we have to expect that
P12(x)=P1(x)+P2(x), but this not what is observed. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">It appears that we must abandon the idea that the particles go through
one slit or the other.</b> But if we want to retain the mental picture of
electrons as particles, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">we must conclude
that the electrons pass through both slits </b>in some way because it is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">only by ‘going through both slits’ that
there is any chance of an interference pattern forming.</b> After all, the
interference term depends on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">d</i>, the
separation between the slits, so we must expect that the particles must ‘know’
how far apart the slits are in order for the positions that they strike the
screen to depend on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">d</i>, and they
cannot ‘know’ this if each electron goes through only one slit. We could
imagine that the electrons determine the separation between slits by supposing that
they split up in some way, but then they will have to subsequently recombine
before striking the screen since all that is observed is single flashes of
light. So, what comes to mind is the idea of the electrons executing
complicated paths that, perhaps, involve them looping back through each slit,
which is scarcely believable. The question would have to be asked as to why the
electrons execute such strange behavior when there are a pair of slits present,
but do not seem to when they are moving in free space. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">There is no way of understanding the double slit behavior in terms of a
particle picture only</b>.”<br />
<br />
In the excerpt, the author repeats arguments as old as fifty or even sixty
years old – “no way to understand quantum mechanics if particles are only particles”.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And then the author goes on to building an
elaborated picture of a wave packet that is a particle and a wave at the same
time, etc., etc..<br />
<br />
And then, following Feynman, he discusses another mystery, that is - when we
know through each hole an electron traveled (e.g. using flashes of light) we
destroy the interference. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Only when we
do not know how exactly electrons travel through the holes, interference exist</b>.
Why? No one knows.<br />
<br />
The answer, however, lies in the very statement used to prove that electrons
cannot travel through one hole or another one. <br />
Let’s read it one more time.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
“If electrons are particles, like bullets, then it seems clear that the
electrons go either through slit 1orthrough slit 2, because that is what
particles would do. The behavior of the electrons going through slit 1 should
then not be affected by whether slit 2 is opened or closed as those electrons
would go nowhere near slit 2. In other words, we have to expect that P12(x)=P1(x)+P2(x),
but this not what is observed. It appears that we must abandon the idea that
the particles go through one slit or the other.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
But abandoning “the idea that the particles go through one slit or the other”
is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> only one logical solution!</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
Another one is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">to abandon a previous
statement</b>, that said: “The behavior of the electrons going through slit 1
should then not be affected by whether slit 2 is opened or closed as those
electrons would go nowhere near slit 2.”</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Why should that behavior be <i>not </i>affected? Because
this <i>is</i> what we would expect in the classical mechanics from <i>classical
particles</i>! But our experiment involves quantum particles! So, why should we impose
on them our classical expectations? <b>There is simply no logical reason to do
that</b>. So, let’s <i>not</i> do that and see where it will lead us.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
If (a) particles do travel through one hole <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">or</i>
another (only one hole at a time), and if (b) the interference pattern exists,
it means that the statement is wrong. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The statement: “The behavior of the
electrons going through slit 1 should then not be affected by whether slit 2 is
opened or closed as those electrons would go nowhere near slit 2.” Is wrong.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i>
means that the behavior of the electrons going through slit 1 is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">affected</i> by whether slit 2 is opened or
closed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">even though</i> those electrons
would go nowhere near slit 2. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">We can make even a more general statement:</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<u><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Proposition
V</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">: when <u>two</u> slits are open, an electron (and a photon, and any
quantum particle!) behaves differently than it does when <u>one</u> slit is
open.</span></b></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Proposition V means that when a quantum
particle travels to the screen with holes/slits, it already "knows" how
many holes are opened there. And under certain circumstances, some aspects of the
behavior of those particles exhibit features similar to features of classical
waves. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Particles are not waves. But their
behavior may be wave-like.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let us step for a moment away from the
main matter and make this note on the nature of waves.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">All classical waves are NOT specific individual physical
objects. A wave is a specific form/state of a substance described by a mathematical
object called “a field” (more on definitions in <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/science.html">"On a Definition Of Science"</a>). A field is a mathematical description of a state
of a substance distributed over a large region of space. A substance has
structure and composed of a vast number of small and usually identical
"blocks" (atoms, molecules, balls and springs). Thinking about a classical
wave as of one undivided large object is simply <b>wrong</b>. But even an electromagnetic
field has quantum structure – photons. So, when one says this word “a wave” –
what does one actually mean?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let us assume that a wave-function is an actual
physical wave. A particle is a wave-pocket traveling in space. Fine. Does it
have a definitive size; a boundary between the region filled with matter and
energy and the rest of the universe? If it does - so, it is just a large particle?
If not, if all the mass and energy asymptotically "smeared" over the
whole universe (a mathematical cut-off exists, like "effective
radius", but it is <i>mathematical</i> - like a half-life for a
radioactive element), how does all that mass and energy get smeared over the
whole universe the moment a particle leaves an atom and then
"collapses" back when it hits a screen? And if light is a composition of photons, and the double slit interference experiment for light should be explained in the same way it is explained for electrons - how to make a physical wave-pocket for it - it needs to travel at the speed of light in a non-relativistic theory.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">These and other questions
make this picture too complicated - it does not worth to be fought for. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But in
that case one needs a different, simpler model. And that model exists - a
particle is always a particle, it just is not classical, hence behaves in a
non-classical way described by Schrödinger's equation. And that behavior -
statistically - resembles some elements of the behavior of classical waves. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But quantum particles are NOT waves. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And the two-slit experiment does <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> give us any proof to the statement that particles <i>are</i> also
waves. The wave-particle duality is NOT about this.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">What the two-slit experiment shows us is
that the configuration of the screen (one hole, two holes, three holes, etc.) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">affects</i> the motion of the electrons,
photons, all particles traveling toward that screen. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In the classical world, a particle does
not know anything about the screen it travels to until it hits it. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But an electron “knows”/“feels” if the
hole 2 is open or closed. If we shine a light on an electron, it actually
“forgets” about the existence of another hole and travels like the only one
hole exists – hence, the destruction of interference.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The real question now is: how do quantum
particles “know” how a screen is built and react to its structure?</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">That</span></i><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> is the true mystery of quantum mechanics.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">This question requires a new discussion.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In general, the answer is – quantum particles
“know” about the features of a screen in the same way they “know” about states
of each other when they have been prepared in an entangled way.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The double-slit experiment and quantum entanglement
are two very close phenomena.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Let’s go straight to the source – the famous
EPR paper.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="separator" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 18pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCJw79T37FtuN5D2YdUpXexDjU-APGFZK3-YmF7BBJUkBLDIpCnRgMUjtUOU0S4-K1XCg7IV44PgEq8kqSnKvADZ0hf4VOG1TEBb8t_CYadjytJiCjZ8U0QIlsOZrKS9pHuSonjNpDdk/s1600/Picture3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="974" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCJw79T37FtuN5D2YdUpXexDjU-APGFZK3-YmF7BBJUkBLDIpCnRgMUjtUOU0S4-K1XCg7IV44PgEq8kqSnKvADZ0hf4VOG1TEBb8t_CYadjytJiCjZ8U0QIlsOZrKS9pHuSonjNpDdk/s640/Picture3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">It has many layers, more than just the
thought experiment they use to claim that quantum mechanics is not a complete
theory (e.g. </span><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/entanglement.html"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">click on this link and scroll down to Appendix III</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;">). If someone talks to you about entanglement, ask if he/she rad this paper. If not - does not worth your time (more an entanglement in<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/entanglement.html"> "On the Entanglement Between SuprFluidity, SuperConductivity and Entanglement"</a>).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The fact of the matter is that this
experiment <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">does</i> show that quantum
mechanics is different from classical mechanics (as EPR put it – “incomplete”).
</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">When this matter is accepted, one has a
choice: (a) follow the strategy "shut up and calculate" and do not
spend any time on trying to make the theory "complete", or (b) spend
some time on trying to make the theory "complete".</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">In the latter case, one can be inventing
different approaches - some are mentioned in </span><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">the four pieces about a cat</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;">:<br />
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVUp1sY7sd-dQoc5zgNMvqQBz6hST9G_3Xz3xJTFanceog93QMVqIqIOQAdG-CGVqu7qdMPlquURJ1yVL8iEHugpIsRbPlRhwqpkn054vrSs4t1WIvtkWOew_YapAPmtKy1yDy7oatoNU/s1600/Picture4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="974" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVUp1sY7sd-dQoc5zgNMvqQBz6hST9G_3Xz3xJTFanceog93QMVqIqIOQAdG-CGVqu7qdMPlquURJ1yVL8iEHugpIsRbPlRhwqpkn054vrSs4t1WIvtkWOew_YapAPmtKy1yDy7oatoNU/s640/Picture4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But the simplest (thank you - Occame!) way to resolve all the mysteries of quantum mechanics would be to assume that - yes, "spooky action at a distance" exists, and it exists due to facter than light interactions!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Naturally, Einstein would never accepted
this solution, but no one is infallible.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Particles that travel faster than light
have been proposed, and named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon">tachyons</a>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Tachyons are responsible for that
"spooky action at distance".</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">
</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">There is a whole world of particles that
cannot travel slower than the speed of light! And that world interacts with our
world, where particles cannot travel faster than the speed of light. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Simple! </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Imagine a sea of tachyons. Every known
particle can have its counterpart in that sea: tachyo-electron, tachyo-proton,
etc. Due to fluctuations, for a teeny-tiny instant of time, those tachyons may
enter our world, become a so-called virtual particle, and interact with our-world
particles. But even more interesting process happens when our-world particles
can disappear from our world and enter the world of tachyons, spend there a
teeny-tiny instant of time and come back again - but at a different location,
or with a different speed, or both, or in general in a different state.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">When two particles are entangled, they
keep interacting via tachyons. And that is why making one particle to accept a certain
state (e.g. by imposing a magnetic field) it makes another particle – that one
that was entangle with the first one – to immediate accept a corresponding state
</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">(more on entanglement in <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/entanglement.html">Thinking about the
origins of the Quantum Mechanics.</a> or</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/schrod.html">Freeing
The Schrodinger's Cat: Solving The Mysteries of Quantum Mechanics: part I</a>).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Some of the entanglement experiments (thought
or real) could have been explained even without the use of tachyons. The
distances between the particles would allow photons to make the particles “feel”
each other. But tachyons are just so much cooler!</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Of course, until tachyons are found, they
are just a theory, a mathematical abstract. <u>But so was the Higgs boson</u>.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">By employing tachyons, we replace several difficult
problems with one difficult problem – finding tachyons. Some theoretical physics striving for the Nobel Prize should write a simple model (at first) of free particles with an interaction term describing scalar tachyons. That will help to get some intuition on how tachyons behave. Then the model should get closer to the real one, for example QED with a tachyion term. <br /></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Tachyons, or in general the world of
faster than light particles, can also explain such intriguing quantum phenomenon
as tunneling. </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A classical particle cannot escape a
potential well - when it has not enough energy. But a quantum particle can
"tunnel" through. Why? Because due to interactions with tachyons it
may "accidentally" (a scientific name – via fluctuations) gain energy
enough to get "over the well".</span></div><div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
</div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And, finally, back to the double-slit electron
diffraction experiment.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">A screen is also made of particles. A sea
of tachyons between a flying electron and a screen makes those two objects
interact and their evolution correlate. Of course, the evolution of a screen is
simple – being there. But the evolution of a traveling electron is affected by
the structure of the screen. In a way, this picture is similar to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_wave_theory">“pilot-wave”theory.</a></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">There is a mechanical model that may help
to visualize the phenomenon.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Imagine a small ball floating in water. It
has a little motor that spins a fan and makes it move. But it also has inside a
small of-center spinner, that makes the ball vertically oscillate in water.
Those oscillations travel away and when they reach an obstacle, for example a
screen, they get reflected and act back on the ball. Of course, the reflected
waves will depend on the structure of a screen (one hole or two). And that may
affect the motion of the ball.</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The sea of tachyons should bring back some
version of a “hidden-variables” theory, because the particle-tachyon interaction
does not obey the limits imposed by the <a href="https://www.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~d40t5n/vonNeumann.pdf">Von Neumann’s theorem</a>
(although, some physicists claim that the theorem has flaws anyway).</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The next step is the development of an appropriate
mathematical model – and the Nobel!</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">You’re welcome!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Naturally, I am not the first one who talks about superlight particles. But those particles have been originally treated as a "bad thing" (a sign that quantum mechanics is incomplete), and later as a technical element - one of the options for existing particles. I believe those particles should be considered as the means for explaining the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. The <i>easiest</i> of the possible means.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">And finally, the answer to the question in the title - no, an electron cannot travel through two slits at the same time.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">But it does NOT have to!</span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">Disclaimer: the bulk of this post originally were published as appendixes to other posts on this page: <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html"><span style="color: blue;">Fundamentals of Quantum Physics</span></a></span> </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Appendix I </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">All existing analyses of the double-slit electron experiment are based on two statements:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">1. When only one slit (hole) is open electrons reach the screen and form a Bell-shaped pattern. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">2. When two slits are open, electrons form an interference pattern that does not represent a simple composition of two </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Bell-shaped patterns. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But all those </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">existing analyses make the same logical mistake. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The assume that when electrons travel through a single slit, they behave like classical particles.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">However, there is absolutely no reason for that assumption.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">An analogy with the light traveling through one or two slits (holes) shows that the pattern formed by electrons depends on the size of the opening. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When there is only one opening, but it is large (large enough, in a certain sense), then electrons will be forming a classical-like Bell-shaped pattern. But in this case, even with two openings, we should expect a classical-like pattern, and no interference.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But when the opening is small, electrons should form a single-slit interference pattern. When another opening becomes available, electrons form an interference pattern as well, but this should not be a surprise anymore, because electrons have already formed an interference pattern with only one opening.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">And in that case the real question is why do electrons form an interference pattern when they travel through a single small opening?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">All </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">existing analyses of the double-slit electron experiments simply combine two incompatible pictures, the classical picture of particles traveling through one hole, and a quantum picture of particles traveling through two holes.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of course, when you use inconsistent logic, you get confusing results.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Appendix II</span></b> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When I sent a copy
of this article to arXiv, I knew it would be rejected.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">My blog, as it’s said
in a title, is an experiment. This time I was wishing for reasons my article
would be rejected.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I expected to see
something like “wrong format”, “loose language”, “absence of citations/references”,
“a wrong arXiv section”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But the result of
my fishing exceeded my expectations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I was told, quote:
“</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">article
does not contain sufficient original or substantive scholarly research</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">” (the full letter
is at the end of this appendix)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It makes one put
things in perspective.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When authors
write an article where they apply a theory beyond the area of its applicability,
trying to use a standard quantum mechanical formalism to a classical system,
which is like applying Newton's 2nd law to relativistic particles, but including
references, scientifically sound terminology, and cool mathematical symbols - it
is considered a research worth to be published (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07422">“Quantum theory cannot consistently
describe the use of itself”</a>; <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/part2.html">Appendix II of this piece</a>
provides deeper analysis).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When an author
offers a critical analysis of a logical structure of statements made about
fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon offering an alternative
interpretation – that’s not a “</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">substantive scholarly research”.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This is a typical
example of a narrow-minded formatted thinking in science.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Originally, a
scientific magazine was an instrument for (1) exchange of scientific ideas, and
(2) reporting the results of a scientific research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of course, the format
matters! But that's what editors are for, or moderators.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I'm not sure how many
people on average read every arXiv paper, but in four days since its
publication, my article was read by more than 30 people (that doesn't count
reads on Academia and Researchgate).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">************************************ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A full letter from
arXiv.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Dear arXiv user,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Our moderators have determined that your
submission is not of sufficient interest for inclusion within arXiv. This
decision was reached after examining your submission. The moderators have
rejected your submission as "unrefereeable": your article does not
contain sufficient original or substantive scholarly research.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">As a result, we have removed your submission.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Please note that our moderators are not referees
and provide no reviews with such decisions. For in-depth reviews of your work,
please seek feedback from another forum.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Please do not resubmit this paper without
contacting arXiv moderation and obtaining a positive response. Resubmission of
removed papers may result in the loss of your submission privileges.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">For more information on our moderation policies,
see:</span><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://arxiv.org/help/moderation" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #1155cc;">https://arxiv.org/help/moderation</span></a><span style="color: black;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Regards,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">arXiv moderation</span></span></span></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-2414556906496936232019-10-12T19:49:00.067-04:002022-10-06T05:59:32.884-04:00On the entanglement between superfluidity, superconductivity, and entanglement.<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">On the
entanglement between superfluidity, superconductivity, and entanglement.</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOD_6OhT-QkJy7dpaRpty4Dhm-kgIUusBsQ8-sk-3IPKdkjlP-boDNhn9xVG18fW9YX-KQFSNsBjqaGE1X0PjZPhOmelczZcqSGCcmQKE9P2NfmtJCQmoqhegd5Zv652iKHKzR_z-ehY/s1600/ent.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="1600" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOD_6OhT-QkJy7dpaRpty4Dhm-kgIUusBsQ8-sk-3IPKdkjlP-boDNhn9xVG18fW9YX-KQFSNsBjqaGE1X0PjZPhOmelczZcqSGCcmQKE9P2NfmtJCQmoqhegd5Zv652iKHKzR_z-ehY/s640/ent.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A lot of
misconceptions and mistakes is being done simply because people do not know
what they are talking about; meaning, they do not know the exact meaning of the
words they use, so they use those words very loosely, without employing the
specific meaning of them – because they don’t know that, because they don’t
know the definition of that, because they did not have a good education on the
foundations of science, and they are too confident, or lazy to do it on their
own.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When I talk
science, I know what I’m talking about, and I want everyone to know that as
well, so we would use the same words assuming the same meaning for all of them.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">That is why I
start this post from some important definitions (that I borrowed from another
post: <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/science.html">On a Definition
Of Science</a>, but since it is also mine, that’s not plagiarism).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">An object is
something that represents the focus of our attention. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This</i> is what we are talking about. An object can be physical (e.g.
we can touch or at least see it; often, we also call it a “system”) or abstract (e.g. a
symbol, a combination of symbols). A small physical object localized at a specific place in space is
called a particle (usually, we say a “<i>system</i>” when we focus on <i>many</i> particles
or on a large object - but that is not a requirement). For each particle we can assign a set of parameters, and
then a specific set of values of those parameters we call “a state of a particle”. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">That state may evolve, i.e. change in time; when that
happens, we call it </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“</span></span>process</span>”</span>, or a “behavior”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Now we can talk
about the meaning of another term – a correlation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In general,
a correlation is interdependence between two objects – no matter abstract (i.e. states) or
physical (i.e. particles). I will illustrate what “interdependence” means in a
couple of paragraphs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I believe that this
definition is better than saying that a correlation is a relationship, and also it
goes well beyond statistics.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">There are
different types of correlations, for example:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">1) A temporal correlation
– when two states of t<i>he same</i> object/system correlate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">2) A procedural,
or behavioral, or spatial, or inter-systemic correlation – when states of at
least two different objects correlate (most often not at the same time).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">We concentrate on
the latter correlation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">For a behavioral
correlation interdependence means that a change in a state of one object
affects the evolution of a state of another one, and can be illustrated using a
simple model. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Let's say, we
observe a behavior (or an evolution) of a state of object #1. Then we repeat
the observation; we observe the evolution of the same object #1 keeping <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all but one</i> circumstances to be <i>exactly</i>
the same as in the previous observation, but this time we either remove, or add
another object (#2), or change a state of one of the previously present objects (#2). If
that change (a new action) does NOT affect the behavior of object #1 (it is the same as before the change was made), we say, that objects #1
and #2 do not correlate, there is no correlation between the states of those
two object, correlation is absent. Otherwise, a correlation exists, it is
present, the evolution of the objects correlate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Just to make
things absolutely clear, “otherwise” means, that the action of adding or
removing an object or changing the state of an object that is not object #1
affects the evolution of object #1, as compared to the previous observation;
and hence a correlation exists, it is present, the evolution of the objects
correlate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">There are plenty
of well-known examples of correlations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In an outer space,
in the absence of any stars a comet travels straight ahead without speeding up
or slowing down. But if a star is present close to its path, the path is getting bent,
hence the star affects the comet - there is correlation between those two
objects, and that specific correlation has a specific name – interaction, and
described by a specific physical quantity – a force; specifically, the force of
gravity, that is described by the Newton’s law of gravity (most of the time one does not need to apply The Einstein's General Relativity Theory).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">If you take two
plastic cups and connect them with a string in a certain manner, then stretch the
string and start making sounds on one end, speaking into one cup, a second cup also
starts vibrating and making a sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In physics there
are important laws that describe correlations between different states of different
objects; some of the most important of those laws have a name of conservation laws.</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">For example, if in
outer space a grenade blows up and separates in two parts;
those two objects will fly away from each other in a very special manner. If we catch one part of this grenade and measure its velocity, we will be able to predict the
exact velocity of another part; and that prediction is governed by the law of
consideration of a linear momentum (assuming we know all the masses and the initial velocity of the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">grenade</span>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Quantum mechanics
also describes many correlations between quantum objects, quantum particles.
Some of those correlations are very similar to correlations in the macroscopic
world; for example, the law of conservation of linear momentum works for
quantum particles as well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">However, the vast
majority of physicists believe that quantum objects also exhibit a different
type of a correlation - a correlation that is specific only for the quantum
world, a correlation that does not exists for macroscopic objects, a
correlation that has a name “entanglement”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Many people have
been writing about quantum entanglement, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/entanglement.html" target="_blank">including yours truly</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The discussion
about entanglement goes deep to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Albert
Einstein didn't like it; he thought that entanglement as it was understood in
his time, and how it is still understood, demonstrates that quantum mechanics is
either not local theory, or includes “spooky” interactions that happen faster
than the speed of light - and, naturally, Einstein could not accept that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">And idea of
entanglement can be described by a thought experiment proposed by Albert
Einstein (and that has different variations).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In order to conduct
this is experiment, first one needs to prepare two entangled particles, so
initially those two particles would be a part of one quantum system - that makes their states to be correlated. Then they fly away
from each other; and when an observer affects a state of one particle, the
second particle should <i>immediately</i> change its state in a specific and
predictable (!) way. Since this should happen immediately, no matter how far the two particles are apart from each other, this correlation looks like an interaction that happens faster than the speed of light.<br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Some physicists
argue that the term is wrong; that this is not some kind of new quantum type correlation
called “entanglement”, this is just another manifestation of some law of conservation
that works on the quantum level in the same way it works in the classical world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The majority of
physicists, though, believe that entanglement is a uniquely quantum phenomenon and
cannot be explained by application of laws of conservation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I’ve been back-and-force
on this, but eventually I settled on the idea of uniqueness of quantum entanglement; but not because
of to-be-fashionable experiments with a couple of entangled particles (usually photons produced in bulk, <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/12/1photon.html" target="_blank">which does not make much sense</a>) – those experiments are ideologically trivial,
although technologically challenging and advanced.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">There are much
more interesting demonstrations of quantum entanglement, and those are not related to a couple of particles, those are related to a huge number of </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">particles</span> -
superfluidity and superconductivity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Let's start from
superfluidity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It was discovered
in 1937 in liquid Helium below about 2 K (at the normal pressure). In its
superfluid state, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_helium-4">quote</a>:
“</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">the liquid … behaves as if it
consists of two components: a normal component, which behaves like a normal
fluid, and a superfluid component with zero viscosity</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The two-fluid
model is clear and intuitive. At the absolute zero, T = 0 K, all Helium is
superfluid, i.e. does not experience friction and can flow without experiencing
resistance. Above a certain temperate called critical (at a given pressure),
Helium behaves like a regular normal fluid with internal and external
viscosity. Above absolute zero, but below a critical temperate Helium is
“composed” of two </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">components: one components is “normal”
and behaves like a regular liquid as it was above the critical temperature, but
the second component is superfluid, like it would be at zero temperature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The mystery here is what happens to atoms below the critical
temperature?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">If you would look at the Helium atoms above or below the
critical temperature, <b>you would not see any difference</b>! And yet, they behave in a very different way! Why?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">There must be some difference on the atomic level, otherwise
what would be the source/reason for a superfluid component to exist?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The answer is – quantum entanglement!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When temperature drops below the critical one, quantum
correlations between many atoms make those atoms to be entangled and to form
one highly/strongly correlated quantum state, also called a coherent state.
Atoms in that coherent state form the superfluid component.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">At T = 0 K, all atoms belong to this coherent state. Above
zero, some atoms belong to the coherent state, and others don’t, and those that
do not - form the normal component of Helium. Above the critical temperature coherent
state does not exist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The difference between atoms in a normal state and atoms in
a superfluid coherent state is very significant (although, atoms constantly
“jump” from one state into another and back, on average, the number of atoms in
each state remains constant). That difference is described by how those atoms react
to an attempt to be excited (energetically, not emotionally, don't read that BS about emotional intelligence, there is only one intelligence - </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“</span>intelligent intelligence</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">”</span>, and that includes our knowledge about our emotions, that's it), ... </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">excited, </span>for example, by a simple hit from another atom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">If we hit (a fancy term is “collide”) an atom in a normal
component (state, phase) we can transfer to that atom practical any amount of
energy, from very little to very large. When we make the atom that is a part
of a normal component collide with a different atom, for example with an atom
in a wall of a vessel or a tube holding Helium, this collision results in a transfer
of energy from an atom in a wall to the atom in the normal component, or back (under regular circumstances mostly back, the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">“normal”</span> atom loses some energy). This
interaction is responsible for internal friction and for the friction between
the normal component and the walls of a pipe, and when the fluid travels through
a pipe this interaction is responsible for the existence of resistance/friction/viscosity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">However, <b>if we try to hit/knock/collide an atom in the
coherent state, that atom is entangled with all other atoms in that state</b>, with
all other atoms that compose a superfluid component. So, when we hit a single
atom in that state, in actuality we hit <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all of them </i>that are in
that state. And in order to excite this whole system of correlated entangled atoms,
a small energy is not enough anymore to excite it. The energy has to be above a
certain threshold; if the energy is below that threshold, the atoms in the
entangled coherent stated do not “feel” it, and “ignore” the interaction. And that is why
this component of a fluid, that is composed of correlated atoms in a coherent
entangled state, can travel through pipes without feeling any resistance. That
makes this component superfluid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When the system goes through the critical temperature in one
direction or another, atoms do not disappear, or new atoms do not appear; but
when the temperature drops below the critical one, some atoms become entangled,
they become strongly correlated in a specific quantum way, and they form a new
phase, a superfluid phase.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">What is happening when the temperature rises above the critical?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Note, when we said that above critical temperature coherent
state does not exist, that statement was not exactly accurate. According to the
general theory of critical transitions, a critical transition does not happen
instantly. Even above a critical temperature in some parts of a material and
for a short periods of time coherent state may exist. But it is very
short-living, or metastable, and the regions with the coherent state are small
and do not overlap so they cannot cover the whole sample of a material. When
temperature is getting closer to the critical value, those short-living
short-range pockets of a new phase getting larger and live longer and below the
critical temperature finally occupy the whole material space. So, in general,
the traces of a new phase may be observed even above the critical temperature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A superfluid transition is not related to existence or
absence of new particles, but related to the absence or presence of strong
quantum correlations between large numbers of particles. Those correlations may
exist even above the critical temperature in a form of metastable, short-range
and short-living pockets. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 but explained only in
1957.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">To that time, a well-developed model could explain many
electrical phenomena based on the idea that electrons in conductors could be
treated as a carrying electric charge fluid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Electric current could be seen as a river, as a stream of
electric charges traveling in the same direction. Atoms or ions would present
islands that could slow that stream down. If you would give this electric fluid
a push, those islands would eventually make it stop - and this is a nature of
electric resistance in conductors.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Turns out, however, that under certain circumstances those
islands also could <i>help</i> fluid to travel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">We could imagine that when electron fluid flows around an
island, sometimes some of those electrons may start traveling <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">together in a common whirl</i>. Of course,
this is </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">not an actual motion of the electrons but </span>just a visual representation of a fact that some electrons can move in
a correlated manner due to mediation via atoms/ions/islands.<br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">So, the islands (atoms, ions) could not just slow down the
motion of the electrons, but also could make them moving <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in a correlated manner</i>. And then those two correlated electrons can
correlate with other correlated electrons all across a conductor, forming one
strongly correlated entangled state. When that happens, a macroscopic number of
electrons get entangled in a “superfluid electric component”, that can travel
with no resistance, and is called a “supercurrent”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">When electrons form one highly correlated fully entangled macroscopic
state similar to a superfluid component in Helium, and when electrons in that state
interact with atoms, in the event when that interaction is not strong enough, if
it doesn't go over a certain threshold of energy, those entangled electrons
just ignore that interaction and keep exist in the unchanged entangled state. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Those electrons that get correlated in “a whirl” due their
motion around the same island (atom, ion) have a name a Cooper pair. Below a
critical temperature electrons in those pairs form a a macroscopic entangled superconductive
state.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">However, like Helium atoms do not disappear above critical
temperature, Cooper pairs also should not completely disappear immediately above
critical temperature. Although, the number of Cooper pairs should significantly
decrease with even the slightest increase in the temperature, I bet, accurate
experiments would demonstrate their existence even in the normal state.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">And now it is a natural time to talk about high-temperature
superconductivity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It was discovered in 1986, and to this day there is no
commonly accepted explanation of this phenomenon. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In high-temperature superconductors electrons cannot be treated
any more as a fluid. A better model would treat electrons rather as a solid, or
as a crystal where electrons spend most of the time at certain locations, and from
time to time hop from one location to another one. However, since electrons
form a superconductive state, it means that under certain circumstances, at
least some of the electrons are getting entangled in a macroscopic coherent strongly
correlated state that allows them to travel through the material without
feeling the existence of other electrons or atoms or ions. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">We can try to understand the nature of this phenomenon
by building on another very important and common feature that <i>all</i> those highly
entangled states have in common.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In a superfluid or in a superconductor, that highly
correlated state with entangled particles (atoms or electrons), due to strong
correlations represents <b>a state with a very high order</b>, or a very law chaos, as
compared with the regular normal state or a component of a material. Hence<a href="https://superfluidsiiti.weebly.com/zero-entropy.html">, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the entropy of this state is equal to zero</b></a>.
Entropy is a measure of order v. chaos; more chaos - higher entropy; and when a
macroscopic state is strongly correlated and highly entangled, the chaos is so
low that the entropy is zero.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In all superfluid or superconductive systems, below a
certain temperature macroscopic parts of a system simply stop “generating” an
entropy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">At the absolute zero temperature, the entropy of all systems
is zero, but in certain systems under certain circumstances when temperature is
rising above zero, some parts of this system still remain “feeling” themselves
like they are still at zero temperature, forming a highly ordered, strongly
correlated entangled state. With the rise in temperature, the portion of the
entangled part of a system gradually decreases to zero and becomes zero at a
critical temperature (with some short-living short-range pockets above the
critical temperature).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This idea may guide us toward better understanding of the
nature of high-temperature superconductivity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It is assumed that in materials exhibiting high-temperature superconductivity,
it happens when an original order of electrons is destroyed or disturbed by
doping.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In an original material (under ideal circumstances, at zero
temperature) electrons form a “crystal”. The simplest model would look like
this:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie5bvZ44D_diI_HNIXiS75u-BNsJhUwKAySVzncVnwfXfELpc568qMy0EdbUrgjYxzcQkdz9Fa5_fFRB9nyig5nLG3L1g_LziOrOgdALMC30sd3P90mj45Aba36t3AcltNnWUFu1GyhZI/s1600/pic3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1200" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie5bvZ44D_diI_HNIXiS75u-BNsJhUwKAySVzncVnwfXfELpc568qMy0EdbUrgjYxzcQkdz9Fa5_fFRB9nyig5nLG3L1g_LziOrOgdALMC30sd3P90mj45Aba36t3AcltNnWUFu1GyhZI/s640/pic3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">A plus or a minus in the picture represents that fact that
electrons have a feature called a “spin”; we can imagine a spin as an arrow
attached to an electron that can have only two directions, "in" or "out" (or "up" v.
"down", or "left" v. "right" – but always only TWO). And in an ideal case, in a material called antiferromagnetic, two neighboring
electrons would prefer having opposite spins (because that makes their “life” "easier", meaning makes the energy lower). In this “crystal”, electrons prefer stay at their places, because
they “hate” – meaning, electrically repel – each other. Hence, jumping to a place
already occupied by another electron is </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">almost </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">restricted, almost forbidden (there is a very low probability for that to happen). Hence,
in this state the material is not a good conductor, but an insulator.
However, doping can change that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Doping is a procedure that can change the number of electrons,
for example, take some electrons out from their locations. This is done by
inserting some other atoms that can attract electrons and keep those electrons
on those atoms. In that case, the structure of the material is not so ordered
anymore, it has some random holes – empty spaces at the locations from where electrons
were removed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">For a better visibility, in the picture those holes are noted
by black circles (instead of just keeping those places empty). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOIXRcmuQ1YXTfyjoNPgjGM9JfhKf2UFoi4ER4x513bBS5uMdybtguEYXruGCySGvIkxRZUKROC0kwMGGVz7UspmWYkyUj__hwjHzSJBYgg5kHb8V5usWed11Zzc70VXKkV4iCabsLY04/s1600/pic4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1200" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOIXRcmuQ1YXTfyjoNPgjGM9JfhKf2UFoi4ER4x513bBS5uMdybtguEYXruGCySGvIkxRZUKROC0kwMGGVz7UspmWYkyUj__hwjHzSJBYgg5kHb8V5usWed11Zzc70VXKkV4iCabsLY04/s640/pic4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Now we have to use the most powerful human ability –
imagination. Other animals do not have it. Albert Einstein said that imagination
is the true sign of intelligence. No single AI professional has any idea how to
model it (e.g. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/arti.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The new stage of the race for AI domination </span>AI</a></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Imagine that ALL black holes would move one step diagonally
down and the electron moved from that place one step diagonally up (to take the
place where the hole was). This action is shown by arrows in the next picture (red for holes, blue for electrons). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyvukXXMrHooMFslBqH9Pu-6eEbEwFxJK_V-aLrrZh1Ju6qqvgIjQjqeGPyTGqJyvQ9GtvUQWFU55bfodp-SZmgQsP-FyRIZWqwJqbDNlawZAQA2my9S5MZkpMiNxRNZ8lqTNWRxYZcWE/s1600/pic5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1200" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyvukXXMrHooMFslBqH9Pu-6eEbEwFxJK_V-aLrrZh1Ju6qqvgIjQjqeGPyTGqJyvQ9GtvUQWFU55bfodp-SZmgQsP-FyRIZWqwJqbDNlawZAQA2my9S5MZkpMiNxRNZ8lqTNWRxYZcWE/s640/pic5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">As the result, you get this electron distribution: </span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8TkoCmCfV9CjSJdsv8OPtRhPzf35cwIhYqRoYs02JzVQQOE1zhxuom7kDf3no05YVWutOK96GK80EkiI3QpzS1nQJFmb3g9424th2KHpursEvqz44VRN9FH0vs1Kp_aE77GDF15fcY8/s1600/pic6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1200" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji8TkoCmCfV9CjSJdsv8OPtRhPzf35cwIhYqRoYs02JzVQQOE1zhxuom7kDf3no05YVWutOK96GK80EkiI3QpzS1nQJFmb3g9424th2KHpursEvqz44VRN9FH0vs1Kp_aE77GDF15fcY8/s640/pic6.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Now, compare the two pictures below, the first one is an excerpt
from the ordinal picture (before the jump), and the second on is an excerpt
from the final picture (after the jump)<b>:</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnq5OBQug1R25A0ou99D8_7U6D2g_HUnBuvpwd4dA6ULsLAZQT2_g8qF7v5va-h5_sIB5sx2idmzSTylEu_uJPN-1Np4mT1oSBi8O12uAjZle5ltVhDZ5Z_-tqSKAxnjhKnJoLQ4FHLyI/s1600/pic7.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="1200" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnq5OBQug1R25A0ou99D8_7U6D2g_HUnBuvpwd4dA6ULsLAZQT2_g8qF7v5va-h5_sIB5sx2idmzSTylEu_uJPN-1Np4mT1oSBi8O12uAjZle5ltVhDZ5Z_-tqSKAxnjhKnJoLQ4FHLyI/s640/pic7.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji62e-WzjbeqmJ5G2oD4WDoM3236_PojmW0dJJyiE_UqRGJdUyreo2UMoWjIgURLnje7NA9Y2La7rbOO279EP_BNJMViRJHuYUmuv6efTCd4-uGaSoHrLLz5Zs46qLjZIhfIaebgQQm0s/s1600/pic8.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="1200" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji62e-WzjbeqmJ5G2oD4WDoM3236_PojmW0dJJyiE_UqRGJdUyreo2UMoWjIgURLnje7NA9Y2La7rbOO279EP_BNJMViRJHuYUmuv6efTCd4-uGaSoHrLLz5Zs46qLjZIhfIaebgQQm0s/s640/pic8.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">These two pictures are identical!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">They show two DIFFERENT but IDENTICAL states of the system.
Of course, because our pictures have a finite size, we could see some
differences at the edges, but for a very large system (or with periodic boundary
conditions) the deference would be negligible.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">This simple illustration makes us to
make a conclusion that when ALL electrons would jump simultaneously in the same
direction – that is diagonal – this actions does NOT change the state of the
system. In a certain sense – this action does not make the state more chaotic,
less ordered – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">as long as all electrons
are entangled</b>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It is naturally to assume, that this
is the state we are looking for, <b>the state with zero entropy. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Based on this idea, we could assume
that in high-temperature superconductors electrons jump:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">(a) in the same direction;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">(b) diagonally.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">I do not follow specialized literature,
but I know that I am not the first one who suggested that in high-temperature
superconductors electrons may travel in the same direction (even<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.07981"> I wrote on this and published it on arXiv</a>;
although in a very primitive way – sorry for the visual picture used to support
my model, I like visual pictures, as you may have noticed already). I also
heard of a suggestion that electrons jump diagonally (honestly, do not remember
where). But to my best knowledge, <b>I am the first one who makes both statements
as a model for high-temperature superconductivity.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Due to very the specific geometry of the
model, it could be tested using a simple mechanical motion of a sample of a high-temperature
superconductor – the movement along diagonals or along the edges would affect
supercurrent <i>differently</i>. However, for this experiment one would need a thin,
ideally a single, sheet of a high-temperature superconductor. This still maybe
a challenging technological obstacle.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><b>P.S.</b> On <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html">this
page (if you click on this link)</a> you will find some piece on the foundation
of quantum mechanics. Recently, it has become fashionable to run actual or thought
experiments on quantum entanglement. However, ALL of them are based on ONE
specific interpretation of quantum mechanics and completely ignore and do not mention
the fact that so far (yeas, even today!) there are <i>several</i> different interpretations of it. In my
publications I attacked different aspects of different publications on the matter.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><b>Appendix</b> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Everyone who claims he/she knows what quantum mechanics is about must read the original EPR paper (so, ask the guy - have you read EPR? that is a litmus test for you should you even listen to the guy).</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRfSUQ6wQXFEtdaCRMDdYtkLS3tp8MCHh1N6pJB162lMmk4Xcg3e9GojPfnYPmeqogir8oBKpQrVIj_9qwLVJmgA7GER8qyoqIWl4LQZ-JNBrkDTVlcKW5oel2X945keREh0v6cZ7VW4/s1600/EPR.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1600" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFRfSUQ6wQXFEtdaCRMDdYtkLS3tp8MCHh1N6pJB162lMmk4Xcg3e9GojPfnYPmeqogir8oBKpQrVIj_9qwLVJmgA7GER8qyoqIWl4LQZ-JNBrkDTVlcKW5oel2X945keREh0v6cZ7VW4/s640/EPR.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">It has many layers, more than just a thought experiment they use to claim that quantum mechanics is not a complete theory (e.g. <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/entanglement.html">click on this link and scroll down to Appendix III</a>). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">The fact of the matter is that this experiment does show that quantum mechanics is different from classical mechanics. When this matter is accepted, one has a choice: (a) follow the strategy "shut up and calculate" and do not spend any time on trying to make the theory "complete" or (b) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">spend some time on trying to make the theory "complete".</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">In the latter case, one can be inventing different approaches - some are mentioned in <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html">the four pieces about a cat</a>:</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUCD-v-lQafn6GffLMyWE1BdohAD0DtYQhgNxyCb8gnUcuJ4lRjkoaWYFX1asNFbvGCn4F8_YDnJ5k534-DorhWUOqLCXIpZ_HwXSGD_cB1FlRwbVRvN7WhdN615M2l9IOtdU7PsmV9Q/s1600/cat.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUCD-v-lQafn6GffLMyWE1BdohAD0DtYQhgNxyCb8gnUcuJ4lRjkoaWYFX1asNFbvGCn4F8_YDnJ5k534-DorhWUOqLCXIpZ_HwXSGD_cB1FlRwbVRvN7WhdN615M2l9IOtdU7PsmV9Q/s640/cat.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">But the simplest (thank you Occame!) way to resolve all the mysteries of quantum mechanics would be to assume that - yes, faster than light interactions do exist! <b>Tachyons are responsible for that "spooky action at distance".</b> There is a whole world of particles that cannot travel slower than the speed of light! And that world interacts with our world, where particles cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Simple! </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Imagine a sea of </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">tachyons. Every known particle can have its counterpart in that sea - tachyo-electron, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">tachyo-proton, etc. Due to fluctuations, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">for a teeny-tiny instant of time, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>those </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">tachyons may enter our world, become a so called virtual particle, and interact with our particles. But even more interesting process happens when <i>our</i> particles disappear from our world and enter the world of </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">tachyons, spend there </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">a teeny-tiny instant of time and come back again - but at a different location, or with a different speed.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">Of course, until tachyons are found, they are just a theory, a mathematical abstract. <u>But so was the Higgs boson</u>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">BTW: tachyons, or in general the world of faster than light particles, can explain such phenomenon as tunneling. A classical particle cannot escape a potential well - when it has not enough energy. But a quantum particle can "tunnel" through. Why? Because due to interactions with tachyons it may "accidentally" (a scientific name - fluctuations) gain energy enough to get "over the well". <br /></span></span></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-67622906308518314252019-10-08T12:35:00.001-04:002020-08-26T23:15:41.913-04:00On A Definition Of Science<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">On A Definition Of
Science</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><u>Part I: a general discussion</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is a common
description of science:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OQHz3I_y5_Y300dzxq5Mhy6V84gLlW8CY_lU_yet6h5G4_ildrAsphqVjm4vVd04GZh91my9rUACT0H_rYTWYGBTlgUIFUAircpQEaZCI9ge5NCRy7AKfMA2kcDLGuQeSXreoj2aZYA/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="806" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OQHz3I_y5_Y300dzxq5Mhy6V84gLlW8CY_lU_yet6h5G4_ildrAsphqVjm4vVd04GZh91my9rUACT0H_rYTWYGBTlgUIFUAircpQEaZCI9ge5NCRy7AKfMA2kcDLGuQeSXreoj2aZYA/s640/Picture1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In simple words,
science is the practice of thinking about things and producing new systematized knowledge.</span>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This understanding
of science is thousands of years old.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">It is long overdue
to rethink what science is, what science is for, and how science is done. Nowadays, too many people can claim that they are </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">"thinking about things and producing new systematized knowledge" - for example, any bloger, or even an active Facebook user.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Science, any
science, every science proves one point, a point that is common to every
science and accepted by every scientist. This point is very clear and simple – </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">things change.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Our knowledge
about the universe changes – it grows.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Today we know much
more about the universe outside and inside of us – humans, than thousands years
ago, or even a hundred, or <a href="https://listverse.com/2017/04/15/top-10-greatest-scientific-feats-in-the-past-decade/">even
a dozen</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioQoWj8GCENMlmL_lPC6beqpopsTTs5T_YgGbsguvOsS5-T9jvushKTBbR_SQJ0_bvZK2k-wGMlekWe3yz3-m1hDXeRHKNUhxGj0pvCA2mn04oUD44NNiCaV-pHaDUQHRAh5fsc3dhqeE/s1600/Picture2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="906" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioQoWj8GCENMlmL_lPC6beqpopsTTs5T_YgGbsguvOsS5-T9jvushKTBbR_SQJ0_bvZK2k-wGMlekWe3yz3-m1hDXeRHKNUhxGj0pvCA2mn04oUD44NNiCaV-pHaDUQHRAh5fsc3dhqeE/s640/Picture2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But the fact of
the matter is that the knowledge does not just accumulates, grows.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">It also evolves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">What was common
knowledge some time ago may be replaced with completely new.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, the
majority of our new knowledge just covers the areas where in the past knowledge
simply did not exist – in those areas the know knowledge replaces the absence
of past knowledge. However, some new knowledge may clarify, rectify, or negate and
replace some of the past knowledge. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Some elements of
science that used be considered “knowledge” have been removed from science. Some
of the examples are a philosopher’s stone, perpetuum mobile, the Ptolemaic
model, eugenics, and many many more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This evolution of
science should also involve our understanding of science - what science is, how
does this practice happen, what does this practice include.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In particular, there
are areas that in a past were considered as science, but nowadays is not really
treated as such anymore. For example, botany and zoology both eventually became
a part of biology. Botany is not really a science anymore, but a field of
practice that has some elements of science, starting from classification.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Why is the change?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">At the birth of
science, the mission of science was developing new knowledge – any kind of
knowledge. The main method for that was using language for describing observed
events/phenomena, including objects, their properties, processes happening to
those objects, and properties of those processes. The result and the product of
science was – a description (in form of texts, basically, if you write something off your mind about things you see - your are a scientist, or a poet).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">With the
development of mathematics, that description could employ some abstract
elements, but for a very long time mathematics was evolving on its own and was
not considered as a tool to study the nature (despite the fact that the origins
of mathematics were deeply rooted in naturalistic observations).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The idea of
“predictability” was not really a part of a scientific development until about
18<sup>th</sup> century (however, it was assumed that a good shaman, oracle,
wiser, astrologists could predict important events).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">With the advances
in physics and chemistry, scientific community slowly adapted a new mission of
science – making reliable predictions based on developing new knowledge. However,
even now a scientific community does not have a unified view on the mission of
science. A simple search demonstrates that; try “mission of science” and you
will see missions of science departments, scientific magazines, institutions,
but not <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the mission of science as a
human practice</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This fact may have
several interpretations, including that scientists do not really know what they
do (“What do you do? Science. What is it? I don’t know.”).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The central feature of the human practice called "science" is predictability - that is what separates science from anything/everything else.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">From this point
forward, I define <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">science as a human
practice with the mission of making reliable and testable predictions based on previously collected and/or developed knowledge.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Hence, developing
and collecting knowledge, clarifying and rectifying it – is <u>a part </u>of
scientific discourse, but <u>not sufficient</u> yet on its own to make that practice to
be science. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">If not science –
then what? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Simple!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A scientific
<u>practice</u>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">By employing this
definition of science, we utilize one deeply scientific action –
classification, part of which involves different names: science v. scientific
field – to giving different objects (physical or abstract).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">However, all other scientists, including the NSF still use the old definition of science </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">–as a practice of development new knowledge, omitting the necessity of making reliable predictions. And for them a scientific research is an equivalent of making any type of a description </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">– nowadays, that description has to include some data, but no one checks if that data leads to any testable predictions. The quality (or as says the NSF </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">–</span> the merit) of research is assessed via peer review. A peer review process helps to eliminate low quality papers. But is also eliminates papers with un-ordinary ideas because they also do not belong the common views of reviewers. The #1 quality of a good paper is the list of references </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">– if one does not have in the list </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“important names” why bother reading the paper </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">–</span></span></span></span> nothing good can come out from an author who does not know </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“the establishement”</span></span></span></span></span> (Einstein would not be published theses days).</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><u>Part II: specific scientific fields</u></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Now we can make a
statement about a specific scientific area of practice that represents a
scientific field but not a science.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Education.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The state of a
scientific practice in education is similar to botany, or alchemy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of course, some
predictions can be made, but they are usually trivial, like “practice makes
perfect”. We can call that set of rules – heuristics of education (this link
list some of those rules: <a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2016/12/handbook.html">Fundamental Laws
of <i>T</i>each<i>O</i>logy: a Handbook For a Science Teacher.</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The vast majority
of publications in education are not much different from the letters of an
explorer sent back to the academy from an unknown frontier – a simple
description of objects and events encountered during practice, “spiced” by some
speculations on why would those events occurred in the way they did.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The use of some statistical
method doesn't make it more scientific. On the contrary, it covers up the fact
that - what is done is not science (i.e. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2016/12/NSF.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How much of the NSF funded fundamental scientific
educational research is really fundamental?</span></a>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A mere
fact of using math does not make practice scientific (e.g. astrology,
numerology). If a mathematical analysis of statistical correlations demonstrates
a strong correlation between two parameters, that may have some significance - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">if the number of important parameters
influencing a system is small</i>. However, when the number of parameters
governing the evolution of a system is large, a strong correlation between two
parameters have no significant meaning. Yes, it exists – and that’s that. There
are, or at least may be, many other strong correlations that the analysis does
not show. Hence, the model cannot be used to make any reliable predictions.
Hence, it is not scientific.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This is a case for
any social system including educational systems.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There
is important <a href="http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~gelman/research/published/abandon.pdf">literature
on the overuse of statistics in education and social study</a>. (and <a href="https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2019/03/20/retire-statistical-significance-the-discussion/">a
heated discussion</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Scientific
study/research in education may eventually lead to a transition of this field
into science; in that sense, this field now is in a pre-science state; it is a
pre-science. To make a reliable prediction, scientific practice needs to
collect vast amount of data – i.e. knowledge presented in a numerical form, and
then to analyze the data to establish robust correlations. The difficulty is
that social systems are much more complicated and diverse than physical (even
quantum or astrophysical). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Take, for example,
a simple unit of education – a class. There are almost infinitely many
combinations of students with different backgrounds, cultural histories,
economic circles, etc. But in theory, all possible states of this system – a
class – could be described in terms of the values of specific parameters (age,
gender, race, and more). And the following observations could let the
development of models robust enough for making reliable predictions about the
evolution of this system (and its elements - students). Clearly, this type of
research would require vast funds and completely new approach/strategy to
educational study, and currently is not even being considered by any
governmental of private entity. Some publications on the matter are:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/11/PILT.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perimeter Institute for Learning and Teaching
(PILT): the future of the future of education reform.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/03/yidanprize.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Will the Yidan Prize
Affect the Evolution of Education? Too Soon to Say</span></a></span><span style="color: #954f72; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/07/seven.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seven Reasons Why Rich Philanthropists Fail at
Making Systemic Changes in Education</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/mzuck.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A word of advice to Mark Zuckerberg: “You are not
Steve Jobs, and that’s a good thing.”</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">More on this page:
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/the-full-list-of-publications-on.html">Strategies
For Teaching Science</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Now, let’s discuss
a more specific matter – a research, because this is what people do in science.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“I’m a scientist,
I research/study this”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There are two
types of a research - a scientific research, and a generic research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A genetic research
happens when one just describes what one encounters; it is a search combined
with some verbal description of events. This is what people usually call a
“study”. “I study bacteria (or stars)” used to mean (and often still means) “I
am looking in a microscope (or a telescope) at those tiny (huge) objects and
describe what is happening to them”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A scientific
research includes a generic one, but also involves a search for patterns and strong
correlations. Scientific research cannot be done without collecting data. To
test if a research is scientific enough, one checks how many predictions can be
done based on its results, and how reliable those predictions are. Those tests are
often being called – experiments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There are three types
of a scientific research; they are based on originality and technical
difficulty of a research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standard research - anyone (in the field) can
come up with its idea, and then anyone (with resources) can do it. It is just a
matter of who comes up with this idea first. This is the type of a research
that one finds in 99.99 % of all science publications. Currently, in physics a
popular research is to check if quantum mechanics still works for <a href="https://www.space.com/2000-atoms-in-two-places-at-once.html">large
objects</a> or at <a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-10-scientists-quantum-vibration-ordinary-conditions.html">high
temperatures</a>. Ideologically that does not represent anything new. For example,
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-019-0663-9">here</a> authors
write, quote: “Our results show excellent agreement with quantum theory”. But the
technologies that allow such experiments have become available only fairly
recently; such experiments demonstrate more of engineering power than science.
BTW: the popular treatment of quantum mechanics in <a href="https://www.space.com/2000-atoms-in-two-places-at-once.html">this publication</a>
is a good and common example of how a dilettante who does not understand basics
makes simply wrong statements (like “interference means an object exists at two
places at the same time” – no, it doesn’t). More on quantum entanglement in <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/VonNeumann.html">"Can An electron Travel through Two Slits At The Same Time?"</a> or <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/10/entanglement.html">"On Entanglement Between SuperFluidity, SuperConductivity and Entanglement"</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">2. Breakthrough
research - everyone has an idea of this research, but no one can do it – until
finally someone does. An example is the </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Fermat's</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">
Last <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Theorem </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">(until recently)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">3. The original
research - not anyone can come up with that idea, but when the idea is out
there, anyone could do it as well. An example of this research is Einstein’s
explanation of the photoelectric effect. The original research is the one that
may lead to a change in a scientific paradigm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Now a note on the
importance of language in science.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Scientists do not
talk to each other like: “Hey, Jim, look at that thing with a thing doing this thing”.
They develop a specific language to communicate. Some of the words in that
language may sound/look like regular words from an every-day vocabulary, but in
fact they usually have a very narrow, specific meaning; and there are also
words (and even symbols) invented specifically for scientific communication. Everyone
who study science must learn that language.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Nowadays there are
many pseudo-scientific writers who write about scientific discoveries but are
too lazy to learn scientific language. Many do not understand the difference between an actual object and an abstract description of its properties. This happens a lot when people write
about physics, especially about quantum mechanics. Without getting into more
details (follow to this page for the details: <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/fundamentals-of-quantum-physics.html">Fundamentals
of Quantum Physics</a>), I just want to note that many of those writers do not
know the meaning of even such fundamental terms like “an object”, “a field”, “a
wave”, “a particle”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">An object is
something that represents the focus of our attention. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This</i> is what we are talking about. An object can be physical (e.g.
we can touch it; often we also call it a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>system</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>) or abstract (e.g. a symbol). A small physical object localized
at a specific place in space is called a particle (usually, we say a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>system</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span> when we focus on many particles or on a large object). Some people believe that
this definition should be broaden to: “a particle is a small physical object
that can be localized <u>at several specific places in space <i>at the same time</i></u>”, but so far, this is
a matter of a debate. Using a traditional definition of a particle, we can say
that it may occupy some location; locations may change with time; and then we
can start developing means for describing that change, and then describing
possible interaction with other particles. A particle may exhibit a
deterministic behavior, or a probabilistic behavior. For each particle to describe what is happening to it, we can
assign a set of parameters, and a specific set of values of those parameters we
call “a state of a particle”. That state may evolve, i.e. change in time; when that happens, we call it </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>a process</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>, or a </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>behavior</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">A field is a
<i>mathematical</i> (i.e. abstract) description used to represent properties of matter in large
regions of space. A field is used to assign a specific state to many different
locations in space. But at each location in space there is (almost) always an
actual physical object – usually described as a particle (</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>an atom</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span>, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span></span>a molecule</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span>, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“</span>an elementary cell</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span></span>) – in a specific
physical state. This is what we call <i>a physical substance</i>. In reality, a physical
substance always has a structure. A physical substance is composed of many
interacting and localized objects – a smallest portion of a substance that
repeats itself in space; and all of them can have different states, hence, evolve.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Again, a field is an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abstract</i> object used to describe
properties of many particles existing simultaneously within a large region of
space. In other words, a field is an abstract construct used to describe a distribution
of possible states in space and time. Every existing field (with one exception, so far)
– even quantum ones – can have such an interpretation. One exception is –
a gravitational field. So far, we do not know if gravitons (quantum particles
associated with a gravitational field) exist. Most probably they do, and in that
case even a gravitational field becomes just an abstract construct. But until we
know for sure, we can treat a gravitational field as a mathematical description
of the actual properties of space and time at different locations and instants
within large regions of space and time. We can think of space-time as a
substance. At a classical level, an electromagnetic field also looks like a field
with no substance that describes a state of each point in space at a given
time, but at the quantum level it becomes a description of light-particles,
i.e. photons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When a state of a
substance changes, it is reflected in the changes in the field associated with that substance. That change may
affect different parts of a substance in a specific – consecutive-like –
manner. This process is called a “transfer” or a “propagation” and can be
described in terms of regular (in some way) physical and abstract objects called “waves”. A
wave is just a specific shape of a substance, and a specific way for a substance to change its state. A mathematical
description of a physical wave is an abstract construct that represents a
specific state of a field. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When people who
write about physics do not know its language, what they write often does not
make any sense. It may sound “scientific”, though, for a person who did not have
solid science classes.There is a difference between writing about science and being a scientist (as well as there is some difference between doing science and being a scientists).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The best science
to teach <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">science</i> - its way of
thinking about nature, its language and principles - is physics.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Because physics is
the simplest of all natural sciences, and hence, the most developed and most understood
one.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html">A Full Physics Course</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2016/12/learnphy.html">Who and why should learn
physics?</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: #152db7; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/thinkphy.html">What Does "Thinking
as a Physicist" mean?</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html">The General Algorithm
for Creating a Solution to a Physics problem</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/04/MOCC.html">Graphical approach to
classifying physics knowledge</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/12/cyber.html">How much
of “cyber” in “cyberlearning” and "cyberthinking"?</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/05/AntiAtheism.html">Anti-Atheism;
a Struggle between God and Science</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="http://gomarsnow.blogspot.com/2017/12/religion.html">What is the
difference between a science and a religion? Really.</a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Here is <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/p/what-is-difference-between-expert-and.html">Full
List Of Post On Education</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">Dr. Valentin Voroshilov</a></span></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4565575529455780168.post-55235736477067620352019-09-18T08:02:00.002-04:002020-02-24T15:13:23.145-05:00Mistakes were made! And I made them!<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlzonggqL30c6oFhYWyCCpiiYordqW2HMMmo4OABz5h66t48ncCJC5jN4ZHAh6BUs4oKdfmTW4olse7QksXwZTDmJUk-2PEQiPPvXl5GqK1eBAkNIJdRyTAT8YqAa2kgpOrt141uk0OR4/s1600/mistakes.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="612" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlzonggqL30c6oFhYWyCCpiiYordqW2HMMmo4OABz5h66t48ncCJC5jN4ZHAh6BUs4oKdfmTW4olse7QksXwZTDmJUk-2PEQiPPvXl5GqK1eBAkNIJdRyTAT8YqAa2kgpOrt141uk0OR4/s640/mistakes.png" width="636" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This post has two stories. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I. How I dropped my phone and what I learned from that. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">II. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">How I messed up an ice-cream label.</span></span></div>
<a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/09/mistakes.html#Read1">just click here to jump directly to the main part of this piece. </a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">How I dropped my phone and what I learned from that.</span> </b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There
is a statement <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2018/10/AtoZ.html">I </a> always make to all my students in all <a href="https://www.cognisity.how/2019/01/physics.html">my classes</a> and more than
once.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Everybody
makes mistakes; mistakes are inevitable and unavoidable; there is no shame in
making a mistake; the same is in insisting that you are right when even you
know - you're not. The only way to learn is through mistakes – you make it, you
find it, you correct it, and you don’t make it anymore (hopefully)”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Of
course, this statement includes yours truly - I am not infallible, I make
mistakes, I just hide them like everybody else. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">With
this exception.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">This
story is about several (!) stupid (!!) mistakes I made recently, but it has a lesson
in the end.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I
try to travel to Russia about once a year, usually when Summer II ends, stay
there for a couple of weeks, and come back before the fall semester begins.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">It's
a long flight, several airports, makes me tired. But this story begins 10
minutes before I finally got to my home. They say, the last mile is always the
hardest. And there's a reason for that because often when we feel like we are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">almost</i> home we let our guard down and we
make stupid mistakes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
that is exactly what happened.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I
was so happy to see my Uber ride approaching me – ten more minutes and I'm home!
- so I let my mind jump around. I was checking my phone to confirm I see the
right ride, checking my luggage, reaching to a trunk, opening a door, and I did
it all at once, and here it is! - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
dropped my phone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Well,
I let it to slip out of my palm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Same
thing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">My
one-and-a-half-year-old but almost like new Samsung Galaxy Note 8 falls on the
ground.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
it cracks the glass.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When
I saw it, I felt anger in myself – with myself – how stupid of me to drop my
beloved and way-too-expensive phone (a compulsive Christmas mistake, and I only
did it because I have been using Galaxy notes since the Note 2, then Note 5, and
I love a built-in stylus – do you hear it, Apple? I need a stylus)!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Even
now, every time when I think about it, I see in slow motion my phone falling
down on the ground, and I feel the same feeling of anger and stupidity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">What
an idiot! Get so easily distracted by a car!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Anyway,
the good news was - I didn't break the screen; it was just the screen glass; and
it wasn't broken too much – just a relatively small crack on the edge. But I
immediately decided to replace it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">That
crack was a monument to my stupidity. I couldn’t bear to see it every day.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">So,
I found on the Internet (of course) a replacement glass and quickly purchased
it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
that was my second mistake (third, if we start counting from the act of buying
the phone).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Even
more stupid than the first one.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">You
see, if you're not sure how to install or replace some element of your device, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">search first for how to <u>install</u> it</b>,
and only <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">then</b> make a decision to buy
it or not.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I
did it all backwards.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">First,
I decided to buy a replacement glass, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">then</i>
I started to search for how to change it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
very quickly I've learned that the answer to question “how to replace the
Galaxy Note 8 glass?” is you - can't! </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I’ve
read many stories about people who tried to do it at home, and failed. Again,
and again.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">There
is a procedure that would allow to do it, but it involves special equipment.
And no professional store would replace this glass – they would only replace
the glass <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">with</i> the screen, because
that is the only way they can do it, and that would cost about $340. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Nowadays,
one can buy two good unlocked Android phones for that money. So – forget it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">But
the new glass was here, I paid for it, and now the fact that I could not use it
was another reminder of my stupidity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">So,
I placed it on the top of the broken glass, like a protective shield. I use a
phone case, and that case holds the second glass pretty strongly. And this “solution”
worked for me.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Or
so I thought.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">In
reality, that was another mistake.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The
glass on a glass made a sandwich that was too thick for using a touchscreen
with my fingers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">When
I used a stylus, it worked fine, though. But now I had to use the stylus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">all the time</b>!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Taking
it out and then placing it back every time I needed to use it was very annoying.
So, I decided to keep the stylus somewhere on my body. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
– of course – I lost it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Once
I just noticed – it’s gone!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I
had no idea how could that happen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">The
good thing – I used my memory and retraced my steps for the day and eventually
recovered my stylus. But after that I took my second glass of the phone. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">I
finally came to a peace with the fact that I have a crack on it (no, I ‘m not).
And I decided, that if I wanted to cover my screen with some protective
material, all I needed is just to get a standard protective shield and place
it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
so I did.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">If
only I did it BEFORE I dropped my phone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">And
that is the lesson – always get a protective shield to your phone right after
you got the phone.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">Maybe,
there are some other lessons in this story, but that’s up to you if you find them
or not.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Read1"></a>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">How I messed up an ice-cream label.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Monday, February 24, 2020<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When I drink my coffee, I
like adding a spoon of ice-cream – it is like adding cream and sugar at the same
time, plus it makes it not so hot (exactly the way I like it – it’s called “French-like
coffee</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">”</span>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">For that, I buy this </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHWoenBudMI69VA3_h-7CfLoYZnJQUgSf8IqC9sAijjg6ilhh37Qi1yXra9WDx2gyB2YrzX6T5Nvwf0Vbnlx5oasnKRH4Hai-mu8J07C0Q0GksZDlVj3Awp0EFtF9LPvwVV2fgNEjSbgM/s1600/pic11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="829" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHWoenBudMI69VA3_h-7CfLoYZnJQUgSf8IqC9sAijjg6ilhh37Qi1yXra9WDx2gyB2YrzX6T5Nvwf0Vbnlx5oasnKRH4Hai-mu8J07C0Q0GksZDlVj3Awp0EFtF9LPvwVV2fgNEjSbgM/s640/pic11.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">You can find Kemps products
in many stores, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this</i> type I was
able to find only in Market Basket.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I like it because it has the
smallest amount of calories per serving – at least among all types of ice-cream
I have seen so far.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When people see me adding
ice-cream, I always tell them: “This one is the best, it has only 70 calories
per serving, you cannot find any better!”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">The other day I decided to
refill my supply of ice-cream. It took me a half an hour to drive to the
nearest Market Basket. When I arrived I went straight to the ice-cream freezers.
I located my brand, got it out of the freezer, and looked at the calories – the
force of habit. And instead of small digits saying 70, I saw two large digits
saying <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">90</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I got confused. I put it back
and searched around. They all were the same. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I already got used to the
idea that eventually many good products got replaced by cheaper and less
quality versions (I talked about it before, for example, <a href="https://youtu.be/sK-tf5ROyds">here</a>). So, I decided that the time finally came
for my ice-cream to face the same faith. I still bought it, though.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">At home I decided to share my
frustration on Twitter. I sent this picture with one question “Why???”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcv60WqFt4jcHt-hb-1cXA0jGmhg2s9rKWsZpwzz4Jtd10RoVKBQZYSxvCHZLAOT7Drh9dxZpkxyOSi2fy0NK-AA8PpdrIJGRhW3ZLKvPBqsKU-Hec_Qjy2xvDoJBaptaNGO_AgyBW2HU/s1600/pic22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1166" data-original-width="1600" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcv60WqFt4jcHt-hb-1cXA0jGmhg2s9rKWsZpwzz4Jtd10RoVKBQZYSxvCHZLAOT7Drh9dxZpkxyOSi2fy0NK-AA8PpdrIJGRhW3ZLKvPBqsKU-Hec_Qjy2xvDoJBaptaNGO_AgyBW2HU/s640/pic22.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When I checked twitter next
time, I found four reactions to this tweet (at least at that time).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">One sarcastic. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">One very emotional. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And two people simply said – <b>the serving size is <i>also</i> different</b> (so 50 % of emotional responses v. 50 % of rational </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">responses</span>, which is a pretty good ratio for Twitter).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And there it was – the answer
that I missed in the first place!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I acknowledged my mistake,
thanked the respondents, and twitted what I learned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPDQGx0X_fPyPLEzsRvUAlpVACUxqy-4SS5WyJ6J6uH5sljob9T3LnEwJ3S9LUWjZeRL1L3r2ESor8F8C7bOFmDo-mLhQfYASbVyiOSgiZtdMOCNOWQ4Vs0TGxCxFi_UwFQasQDNRoRCw/s1600/pic33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="937" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPDQGx0X_fPyPLEzsRvUAlpVACUxqy-4SS5WyJ6J6uH5sljob9T3LnEwJ3S9LUWjZeRL1L3r2ESor8F8C7bOFmDo-mLhQfYASbVyiOSgiZtdMOCNOWQ4Vs0TGxCxFi_UwFQasQDNRoRCw/s640/pic33.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Later in a day I wrote this piece.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">I did it because it was a good
illustration on the psychology of human perception.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">My long history with this ice-cream, i.e. finding it, buying it, telling people about the magic number – 70(!)
– <i>changed</i> the way I looked at it. When I looked at the new label this is what I
saw<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhemmiso8ull6EgPdN8l0kSkNlOyMlrZEctaVIexNfSwrXBnGA5p0a-KkqnJeAmk8EoD6V7czYv8_iG2nfjou7j9kW5ZLRl75XWIiYRAzXyw67XNHNrFHiR2Hp_48_xuz5tqRm7wZ2K6Lg/s1600/pic44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="874" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhemmiso8ull6EgPdN8l0kSkNlOyMlrZEctaVIexNfSwrXBnGA5p0a-KkqnJeAmk8EoD6V7czYv8_iG2nfjou7j9kW5ZLRl75XWIiYRAzXyw67XNHNrFHiR2Hp_48_xuz5tqRm7wZ2K6Lg/s640/pic44.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Everything else was outside
of my attention area.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">And then, my observations of
good products being replaced by not so good blocked my mind, prevented it from
searching for another possible explanation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Hence – the erroneous tweet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">But as I tell my students,
everyone makes mistakes, the question is what do we do about them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">When I teach, sometimes I
make a mistake on purpose. But sometimes I make an actual mistake. When that happens,
and a student finds it, I always say: “I could have said I made this mistake on
purpose, because I do that. But in this case that was an actual mistake, thank you
for paying attention, and let’s try to learn something from it.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">In physics, there is <a href="http://www.cognisity.how/2018/02/Algorithm.html">an algorithm that helps
to design a solution to a problem</a> one needs to solve. There is a
psychological part of the algorithm that does <i>not</i> depend on physics or any
other subject but has a universal application. It says, in part, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">“Convert your
“defeat” into a key to a solution”. Meaning, find what went wrong and why, and
try to … well, read the algorithm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">This piece is to present an example of this approach. A mistake was made,
and I made it. And I converted it into a lesson to myself, and maybe even to a
couple of more readers.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">What lesson? </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">For starters, when you act on emotions, take a pause and check your first intention. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">And of course, this is another one from many examples that proves that our
brain plays tricks on us – all the time! Our brain can deform or even decline information from entering our consciousness, and then we act only on the part of the important information. Hence, we have to be aware of it.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Note: if the first reaction isn</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">’</span>t always the right reaction, maybe the first impression </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">isn</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">’</span>t always the right </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">impression? </span></div>
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</style>Dr. Valentin Voroshilovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11498977046067228273noreply@blogger.com0